Applying Hybrid PSO to Optimize Directional Overcurrent Relay Coordination in Variable Network Topologies

Table 5

Operation times of primary/backup relay pairs after the removal of Line 65 (near-end faults).

Backup relay		Primary relay		Constraint value (sec)
No.	Operating time (sec)	No.	Operating time (sec)
6	0.2982	1	0.0636	0.2346
9	0.2576	8	0.1328	0.1248
7	0.4212	8	0.1328	0.2884
1	0.4254	2	0.1866	0.2388
10	0.6050	9	0.2204	0.3847
7	0.4212	2	0.1866	0.2346
2	0.2853	3	0.1572	0.1281
14	0.2903	6	0.1066	0.1837
8	0.2542	13	0.0673	0.1869
9	0.2576	14	0.1264	0.1312
1	0.4254	14	0.1264	0.2990
13	0.2625	7	0.1233	0.1392
3	0.1974	4	0.1397	0.0577