Applying Hybrid PSO to Optimize Directional Overcurrent Relay Coordination in Variable Network Topologies

Table 8

Operation times of primary/backup relay pairs after the removal of Line 65 (near-end faults) using the proposed NM-PSO method.

Backup relay		Primary relay		Constraint value (sec)
No.	Operating time (sec)	No.	Operating time (sec)
6	0.5452	1	0.2968	0.2484
9	0.7377	8	0.2034	0.5343
7	0.9302	8	0.2034	0.7267
1	2.2755	2	0.2873	1.9883
10	1.3815	9	0.6249	0.7566
7	0.9302	2	0.2873	0.6429
2	0.4457	3	0.2457	0.2000
14	0.5666	6	0.2445	0.3221
8	0.4834	13	0.2834	0.2000
9	0.7377	14	0.2140	0.5237
1	2.2755	14	0.2140	2.0616
13	1.3070	7	0.2441	1.0630
3	0.3261	4	0.1261	0.2000