Biological Invasion and Coexistence in Intraguild Predation

Figure 2

Typical spatial pattern of the density of IGprey (left column) and IGpredator (right column) in two-dimensional space for the system (2a)–(2c). Parameter values: 𝜅₁=0.7,𝜅₂=0.2,𝜅₃=0.23,𝛼=2,ℎ=0.5,𝑒₁=0.1, 𝑒₂=0.21,𝜀₁=1, and 𝜀₂=1.5. From the top row to bottom, panel represents spatial patterns at time 100, 300, 600,  and  1,000, respectively.