Firefly Optimization and Mathematical Modeling of a Vehicle Crash Test Based on Single-Mass

Table 5

Parameters found through the Firefly optimization.

Parameter	Value	Unit
𝑘1	82,357	N/m
𝑘2	4	N/m
𝑘3	197,519	N/m
𝑥1	0.472	m
𝑐1	86,585	Ns/m
𝑐2	80,056	Ns/m
𝑐3	18,721	Ns/m
𝑐4	81	Ns/m
𝑥̇1	2.55	m/s
𝑥̇2	7.23	m/s