Optimal Algorithms and the BFGS Updating Techniques for Solving Unconstrained Nonlinear Minimization Problems

Figure 4

For the Powell problem, comparing (a) 𝑎₀ and (b) 𝑠 of SDM and OA and (c) the residuals obtained by the SDM, OA, GOA, and OABFGS.

(a)

(b)

(c)