Dynamic Complexity of a Switched Host-Parasitoid Model with Beverton-Holt Growth Concerning Integrated Pest Management

Figure 1

Parameter bifurcation diagram for the existence of equilibria of system (3). Here we choose 𝛼 and ET as bifurcation parameters and fix others as follows: 𝑃=0.1,𝑘=1,𝜏=0.5. (a) 𝛼∈[1.6,2.9], ET∈[1,3], and 𝛽=3; (b) 𝛼∈[1.6,2.9], ET∈[1,3], and 𝛽∈[1,4], simultaneously. Region I (green): nonexistent equilibria; region II (red): 𝑆^𝑣_𝐺1 exist; region III (purple): 𝑆^𝑟_𝐺1 and 𝑆^𝑣_𝐺2 coexist; region IV (yellow): 𝑆^𝑣_𝐺1 and 𝑆^𝑣_𝐺2 coexist.

(a)

(b)