Research Article

Modeling and Analysis of Predator-Prey Model with Fear Effect in Prey and Hunting Cooperation among Predators and Harvesting

Table 1

Parameter definition.

ParametersBiological meaning

Intrinsic growth rate of prey
Environmental carrying capacity
Natural death rate of predator
Conversion factor
Fear parameter
Predator cooperation in hunting
Attack rate per predator and prey
Handling time
The combined external effort devoted to nonselective harvesting of the prey by the external harvester (not by predator)
The combined external effort devoted to nonselective harvesting of the predator by the external harvester
The prey catchability coefficient
Predator catchability coefficient