Urinary Metabolomics on the Biochemical Profiles in Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia Rat Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight SYNAPT High-Definition Mass Spectrometry
Table 1
13 biomarkers of hyperlipidemia detected by UPLC Q-TOF/MS in negative ion mode in the 4th week.
Number
Mass
Metabolite
i-FITa, elemental composition
Molecular weight
Formula
Trendb
Related pathway
1
284.2934
Octadecanamide
0.9, C18H38NO
283.4925
C18H37NO
↑**
Fatty acid metabolism
2
282.2779
Oleamide
1.2, C18H36NO
281.2718
C18H35NO
↑**
Fatty acid metabolism
3
188.0713
Tryptophan
0.9, C11H10N1O2
204.2252
C11H12N2O2
↑**
Amino acid metabolism
4
193.1235
Citric acid
0.7, C6H9O7
192.1243
C6H8O7
TCA cycle
5
330.0618
Adenosine 2′,3′-cyclic phosphate
1.0, C10H13N5O6P
329.2059
C10H12N5O6P
Purine metabolism
6
393.3002
Ursodeoxycholic acid
0.8, C24H41O4
392.5720
C24H40O4
↑**
Bile acid metabolism
7
114.0641
Creatinine
1.2, C4H8N3O
113.1179
C4H7N3O
↑**
Energy metabolism
8
281.0979
Ascorbalamic acid
0.9, C9H17N2O8
263.2014
C9H13NO8
↑**
Carbohydrate metabolism
9
259.0913
3-Methyluridine
1.2, C10H15N2O6
258.228
C10H14N2O6
↑**
Nucleoside metabolism
10
212.1025
3-O-Methyldopa
1.7, C10H14NO4
211.2145
C10H13NO4
Amino acid metabolism
11
162.1108
Proline
0.7, C7H13O3
115.1305
C7H12O3
Amino acid metabolism
12
282.1216
1-Methyladenosine
1.2, C11H16N5O4
281.2679
C11H15N5O4
Nucleoside metabolism
13
162.0538
Indole-3-carboxylic acid
0.8, C9H8NO2
161.1574
C9H7NO2
↑**
Amino acid metabolism
14
368.1594
Tryptophyl-tyrosine
1.2, C20H22N3O4
367.3984
C20H21N3O4
↑**
Amino acid metabolism
15
166.0708
Phenylalanine
0.9, C9H12NO2
165.1891
C9H11NO2
Amino acid metabolism
16
126.0643
5-Methylcytosine
1.3, C5H8N3O
125.1286
C5H7N3O
Nucleoside metabolism
i-FIT; the i-FIT is the correctness of isotope patterns of elemental composition. The lower i-FIT normalized values mean high precision of the elemental composition; bchange trend of hyperlipidemia rats versus control rats. The potential biomarkers were labeled with (↓) downregulated and (↑) upregulated. and .