A Proposal for Six Sigma Integration for Large-Scale Production of Penicillin G and Subsequent Conversion to 6-APA

Figure 1

Schematic representation for large-scale production of Penicillin G (reproduced and redrawn from elsewhere [30]). Steps are self-explanatory. For a detailed account, see the source [30]. “OUR”: oxygen uptake rate, “OTR”: oxygen transfer rate, “MCB”: master cell bank, and “MWCB”: manufacturer’s working cell bank.