Influence of Polyphosphoric Acid on the Consistency and Composition of Formulated Bitumen: Standard Characterization and NMR Insights

<div><sup>31</sup>P NMR spectrum of the PPA (105% grade) used for bitumen modification.</div>

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

Figure 2: Influence of Polyphosphoric Acid on the Consistency and Composition of Formulated Bitumen: Standard Characterization and NMR Insights 