Influence of Polyphosphoric Acid on the Consistency and Composition of Formulated Bitumen: Standard Characterization and NMR Insights

Table 3

Elemental chemical analyses of unmodified bitumen blends and SARA analysis of unmodified (before PPA) and modified (after PPA) bitumen blends.

Bitumen

Elemental analysis before PPA (wt.%)

SARA analysis before PPA (wt.%)

SARA analysis after PPA (wt.%)

Sample

C

H

N

S

Saturates

Aromatics

Resins

Asphaltenes

Saturates

Aromatics

Resins

Asphaltenes

(±1.3)

(±0.4)

(±0.10)

(±0.09)

Bit1

84.7

10.3

0.45

4.74

n.d.

66.4 ± 0.8

18.9 ± 0.7

14.2 ± 0.7

n.d.

71.2 ± 0.9

13.5 ± 1.0

15.2 ± 0.8

Bit2

84.8

10.4

0.42

4.76

n.d.

68.3 ± 1.0

17.8 ± 1.0

13.1 ± 0.9

n.d.

70.7 ± 1.3

13.4 ± 0.9

15.9 ± 1.0

Bit3

84.2

10.6

0.43

4.43

1.9 ± 0.2

66.6 ± 1.4

18.2 ± 0.6

13.1 ± 0.9

1.6 ± 0.2

65.5 ± 1.6

14.9 ± 1.5

14.9 ± 0.7

Bit4

84.6

10.3

0.43

4.66

1.1 ± 0.2

65.8 ± 1.6

18.9 ± 0.8

14.3 ± 1.0

0.7 ± 0.2

68.0 ± 1.1

14.7 ± 1.2

16.6 ± 0.8

Bit5

84.4

10.4

0.43

4.69

1.2 ± 0.2

67.8 ± 0.8

17.8 ± 1.2

13.2 ± 0.8

1.0 ± 0.2

70.5 ± 1.2

13.6 ± 0.8

14.9 ± 0.9

Bit6

84.2

10.6

0.42

4.40

2.2 ± 0.2

65.6 ± 0.9

18.6 ± 0.9

13.6 ± 0.7

1.6 ± 0.2

67.4 ± 0.2

15.6 ± 1.8

15.4 ± 0.8

Bit7

84.8

10.9

0.43

4.35

3.9 ± 0.5

63.1 ± 0.2

18.6 ± 1.2

14.4 ± 0.7

3.0 ± 0.4

66.6 ± 1.7

15.2 ± 1.1

15.1 ± 0.7

Average ± standard deviation; n.d.: not detected.