Tetracyclines in Food and Feedingstuffs: From Regulation to Analytical Methods, Bacterial Resistance, and Environmental and Health Implications

Table 4

Proficiency parameters for sample pretreatment methods reviewed.

Treatment	Conditions	Limit of detection	Reproducibility (RSD, %)	Recovery (%)	Detection system	Reference
Ultrasound	40°C, pH 7.15	0.03–0.05 μg mL^−1	<4.1	81.89–92.42	LC-UV	[42]
SPE	Britton-Robinson buffer, 0.008 mol L^−1, pH 10	4.4–12 μg kg^−1	<11.0	76.5–95.5	LC-DAD	[43]
Pressure	3 min, 60°C, 65 bars	10.0–15.0 μg kg^−1	<8.4	75.6–102.9	LC-UV	[44]
MSPE	pH 10.0	2–9 μg L^−1	<2.7	99.7–101.2	Capillary electrophoresis	[45]
SPE	CH3CN/CH3CO2H (8 : 2)	0.61–10.34 μg kg^−1	<7.3	81.5–101.4		[46]
MSPD	C6H14, CH3CN : CH2Cl2 (1 : 1)	7–34 mg kg^−1	<6.1	80.6–99.2	LC-DAD	[47]
MI-SPE	CH3OH, 70°C, 105 bars	Not indicated	Not indicated	Not indicated	LC-ITMS	[48]
SPE	CH3CN : CH3OH (1 : 1), 0.1 mol L^−1 phosphoric acid	Not indicated	Not indicated	96–98	Spectrophotometry	[49]
SPE	McIlvaine/EDTA buffer	1.5–8.0 μg L^−1	<3.6	70.3–107.4	DAD	[49]