Validation of an UHPLC-MS/MS Method for Screening of Antimicrobial Residues in Eggs and Their Application to Analyses of Eggs from Laying Hens Subjected to Pharmacological Treatment
Table 1
Level of interest for individual analytes, according to the Codex Alimentarius and European Union MRL, for the method validation.
Analytes
MRL (μg kg−1)
Validation concentration () (μg kg−1)
Tetracyclines
Chlortetracycline + epichlortetracycline
400
300
Doxycycline
Not established
300
Oxytetracycline + epioxytetracycline
400
300
Tetracycline + epitetracycline
400
300
Aminoglycosides
Amikacin
Not established
500
Apramycin
Banned from being used in laying hens
500
Dihydrostreptomycin
No MRL in eggs
500
Gentamicin
No MRL in eggs
500
Hygromycin
Not established
500
Kanamicin
Banned from being used in laying hens
500
Neomycin
500
500
Spectinomycin
Banned from being used in laying hens
500
Streptomycin
No MRL in eggs
500
Tobramycin
Not established
500
Quinolones
Ciprofloxacin
Banned from being used in laying hens
10
Enrofloxacin
Banned from being used in laying hens
10
Flumequine
Banned from being used in laying hens
10
Nalidixic acid
Not established
10
Norfloxacin
Not established
10
Oxolinic acid
Banned from being used in laying hens
10
Sarafloxacin
Banned from being used in laying hens
10
Lincosamides
Lincomycin
50
50
β-Lactams
Cefazolin
No MRL in eggs
50
Cloxacillin
Banned from being used in laying hens
50
Dicloxacillin
Banned from being used in laying hens
50
Nafcillin
No MRL in eggs
50
Oxacillin
Banned from being used in laying hens
50
Penicillin G
Banned from being used in laying hens
50
Penicillin V
Not established
50
Sulfonamides
Sulfachloropyridazine
Banned from being used in laying hens
10
Sulfadiazine
Banned from being used in laying hens
10
Sulfadimethoxine
Banned from being used in laying hens
10
Sulfadoxine
Banned from being used in laying hens
10
Sulfamerazine
Banned from being used in laying hens
10
Sulfamethazine
Banned from being used in laying hens
10
Sulfamethoxazole
Banned from being used in laying hens
10
Sulfamethoxypyridazine
Banned from being used in laying hens
10
Sulfaquinoxaline
Banned from being used in laying hens
10
Sulfathiazole
Banned from being used in laying hens
10
Sulfisoxazole
Banned from being used in laying hens
10
Macrolides
Clindamycin
Not established
150
Erythromycin
Not established
150
Spiramycin
Banned from being used in laying hens
150
Tilmicosin
Banned from being used in laying hens
150
Tylosin
200
200
Codex Alimentarius Commission; European Regulation number 37/2010; for the analytes banned from being used in laying hens or those analytes that did not have an established MRL, the method was used only as a qualitative screening method.
