Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

Research Article

Molecular Marker Study of Particulate Organic Matter in Southern Ontario Air

Table 2

Molecular marker concentrations observed in other locations.


Location	Hamilton 1990 ()	Philadelphia 1999 ()	Beijing
Ext. method	Soxhlet	Soxhlet	Sonication
Sample type	PM₁₀	PM₁₀	PM₁₀
Filter media	T	Q	G or Q
Sampling time	24 h	10 h	24 h
		(ng m⁻³)

PAHs
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)	2.0 (0.01–12.9)	—	45.6
Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (Ind)	3.0 (0.03–21.2)	—	30.1
Benzo[ghi]perylene (BghiP)	4.3 (0.07–25.4)	—	33.8
Coronene (Cor)	—	—	—
Hopanoids
17(H)-22,29,30-Trisnorhopane (TrisHp)	—	0.107 (0.068)	12.1
17(H),21(H)-30-Norhopane (NorHp)	—	—	16.6
17(H),21(H)-Hopane (abHp)	—	0.317 (0.151)	26.4
17(H),21(H)-Hopane (baHp)	—	—	13.2
n-Alkanes
Eicosane (C20)	—	—	102.1
Heneicosane (C21)	—	—	146.2
Docosane (C22)	—	—	170.4
Tricosane (C23)	—	0.32 (0.21)	180.9
Tetracosane (C24)	—	0.55 (0.57)	148.4
Heptacosane (C25)	—	1.60 (1.29)	128.1
Hexacosane (C26)	—	0.85 (1.09)	80.6
Heptacosane (C27)	—	1.90 (1.16)	60.1
Octacosane (C28)	—	0.670 (1.02)	32.4
Nonacosane (C29)	—	2.94 (1.89)	42.8
Triacontane (C30)	—	0.49 (0.74)	20.2
Hentriacontane (C31)	—	2.32 (1.75)	24.9
Dotriacontane (C32)	—	—	8.8
Tritriacontane (C33)	—	—	9.3
Tetratriacontane (C34)	—	—	nd
Oxygenated aromatic compounds
4-Nitrophenol (4-NO2-Phen)	—	—	—
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (2-OH-BA)	—	—	—
3-Hydroxybenzoic acid (3-OH-BA)	—	—	—
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid (4-OH-BA)	—	—	—
4-Methylphthalic acid (4-Me-PhA)	—	—	—
Para-phthalic acid (p-PhA)	—	—	—
Meta-phthalic acid (m-PhA)	—	—	—
Ortho-phthalic acid (o-PhA)	—	—	—
1,2,3-Tricarboxylic benzoic acid (1,2,3-BA)	—	—	—
1,2,4-Tricarboxylic benzoic acid (1,2,4-BA)	—	—	—
1,2,4,5-Tetracarboxylic benzoic acid (1,2,4,5-BA)	—	—	—

Location	Houston 1997 ()	Atlanta 1999	L.A. Tunnel
Ext. method	Sonication	Sonication	Sonication
Sample type	PM_2.5	PM_2.5
Filter media	Q	Q	Q
Sampling time	24 h	24 h	4 h
		(ng m⁻³)	(g L⁻¹)

PAHs
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)	0.02	0.18	18.3
Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (Ind)	<DL	0.26	30.6
Benzo[ghi]perylene (BghiP)	0.01	0.55	102.2
Coronene (Cor)	—	0.26	—
Hopanoids
17(H)-22,29,30-Trisnorhopane (TrisHp)	0.19	0.10	18.1
17(H),21(H)-30-Norhopane (NorHp)	—	—	—
17(H),21(H)-Hopane (abHp)	0.07	0.56	82.0
17(H),21(H)-Hopane (baHp)	—	—	—
n-Alkanes
Eicosane (C20)	0.29	—	48.9
Heneicosane (C21)	0.43	—	113.8
Docosane (C22)	0.61	—	123.9
Tricosane (C23)	0.68	—	164.5
Tetracosane (C24)	2.45	3.97	229.2
Pentacosane (C25)	1.58	4.00	158.4
Hexacosane (C26)	2.66	2.87	146.7
Heptacosane (C27)	1.95	2.55	104.0
Octacosane (C28)	1.96	1.41	77.6
Nonacosane (C29)	3.04	2.36	128.3
Triacontane (C30)	1.45	0.87	82.2
Hentriacontane (C31)	3.11	1.88	93.4
Dotriacontane (C32)	1.28	0.42	48.4
Tritriacontane (C33)	2.37	0.50	33.7
Tetratriacontane (C34)	—	—
Oxygenated aromatic compounds
4-Nitrophenol (4-NO2-Phen)	—	—	—
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (2-OH-BA)	—	—	—
3-Hydroxybenzoic acid (3-OH-BA)	—	—	—
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid (4-OH-BA)	—	—	—
4-Methylphthalic acid (4-Me-PhA)	—	1.94	—
Para-phthalic acid (p-PhA)	—	5.98	—
Meta-phthalic acid (m-PhA)	—	0.64	—
Ortho-phthalic acid (o-PhA)	—	5.89	—
1,2,3-Tricarboxylic benzoic acid (1,2,3-BA)	—	—	—
1,2,4-Tricarboxylic benzoic acid (1,2,4-BA)	—	—	—
1,2,4,5-Tetracarboxylic benzoic acid (1,2,4,5-BA)	—	—	—

Cited in Legzdins et al. [9]. Cited in Shihabut et al. [10]. Cited in Simoneit et al. (2007). Cited in Fraser et al. [11] as the summer data from the HRM-3 site in Houston. Cited in Zheng et al. [12] as the data from the Jefferson street in Atlanta. Cited in Fraser et al. [13].