Molecular Marker Study of Particulate Organic Matter in Southern Ontario Air

Table 3

Comparison for normalized concentration of PAHs with literature values.

Species	Our studies			Benner et al. [14]	Freeman and Cattell [15]
	Soxhlet			Soxhlet	Sonication
	Toronto Tunnel	Hamilton	Simcoe	Baltimore Tunnel	Bush fire	Leaf combustion	Incinerator
	()	()	()	()
BaP	0.14 ± 0.06	0.18 ± 0.06	0.14 ± 0.05	0.24 ± 0.06	0.69	0.57	0.23
Ind	0.18 ± 0.06	0.35 ± 0.03	0.41 ± 0.04	0.20 ± 0.07	0.20	0.28	0.43
BgP	0.46 ± 0.08	0.36 ± 0.03	0.31 ± 0.02	0.36 ± 0.13	0.10	0.14	0.21
Cor	0.22 ± 0.06	0.11 ± 0.03	0.13 ± 0.03	0.20 ± 0.09	0.01	0.01	0.13
Species	Li and Kamens [16]			Alsberg et al. [17]		Rogge et al. [18]
	Soxhlet			Soxhlet		Sonication
	Wood	Gasoline	Diesel	Gasoline B	Gasoline C	Gasoline	Gasoline	Diesel
	()	()	()
BaP	0.37 ± 0.08	0.18 ± 0.06	0.20 ± 0.06	0.12	0.14	0.15	0.23	0.45
Ind	0.28 ± 0.06	0.12 ± 0.03	0.31 ± 0.14	0.11	0.11	0.02	0.06	n.d.
BgP	0.23 ± 0.06	0.42 ± 0.08	0.36 ± 0.13	0.37	0.39	0.48	0.58	0.55
Cor	0.12 ± 0.03	0.29 ± 0.04	0.14 ± 0.05	0.41	0.36	0.35	0.13	n.d.
Species	Oros and Simoneit [19]		Simoneit et al. (2005)			Wornat et al. [20]
	Sonication		Sonication			Sonication
						()
	Coal combustion
	Subbituminous	Bituminous	Plastic bags	Roadside litter	Landfill trash	Residential coal combustion
BaP	0.40	0.27	0.11	0.20	0.18	0.214 ± 0.062
Ind	0	0.22	0.61	0.49	0.51	0.240 ± 0.093
BgP	0.60	0.41	0.23	0.25	0.26	0.384 ± 0.077
Cor	0	0.10	0.24	0.07	0.05	0.162 ± 0.025

The values are given with standard deviations, if reported, except the data from Li and Kamens (±standard errors). Gasoline 1 and Gasoline 2 are noncatalyst gasoline vehicles and catalyst vehicles, respectively. The PM was from combustion of Chilean materials. Emissions were from the combustion of paper and cardboard.