Highly Sensitive Colorimetric Assay for Determining Fe³⁺ Based on Gold Nanoparticles Conjugated with Glycol Chitosan

Table 3

Comparison of present probe with previously reported nanoparticle assay methods for the analysis of Fe³⁺.

Detection tool	Functionalized agent	Sensing method	LDR	LOD	Ref
Chemosensor	2-Chloro-N-(9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)acetamide and 2-(((pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)methyl) phenol	Color change	—	13.5 μM	[14]
Chemosensor	2-(Aminomethyl)benzimidazole dihydrochloride and 4-diethylaminosalicylaldehyde	Color change	0–5.0 μM	1.21 μM	[15]
Chemosensor	5-Amino-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide and 8-hydroxyjulolidine-9-carboxaldehyde	Fluorescence	—	0.27 μM	[16]
Cu nanoclusters	Polyethylenimine	Fluorescence	0.5–1000 μM,	0.34 μM	[19]
Au nanoclusters	L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine	Fluorescence	5–1280 μM	3.5 μM	[20]
AgNPs	N-Acetyl-L-cysteine	Color change; (etching)	80 nM–80 mM	80 nM	[21]
Au nanorods	Label-free	Color change; (etching)	—	1.79 μM	[22]
Graphene quantum dots	1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium; hexafluorophosphate (BMIMPF6)	Fluorescence	0–80 µM	7.22 µM	[23]
Carbon dots	label-free	Fluorescence	0–20 μM.	0.32 μM	[24]
AgNPs	Calix[4] resorcinarene polyhydrazide	Fluorescence	0.1–10 μM	0.1 μM.	[25]
AuNPs	Pyrophosphate	Color change; (aggregation)	10–60 μM	5.6 μM.	[26]
AuNPs	Histidine	Color change; (aggregation)	—	—	[27]
AuNPs	p-Amino salicylic acid dithiocarbamate	Color change; (aggregation)	40–80 mM	14.82 nM	[28]
AuNPs	Glycol chitosan	Color change; (aggregation)	0.0–180 μM	11.3 nM	This work

LDR; linear dynamic range; LOD; limit of detection.