Optimized Multiresidue Analysis of Organic Contaminants of Priority Concern in a Daily Consumed Fish (Grass Carp)

Table 3

Overview of the analytical protocols with target chemicals, extraction methods, cleanup methods, and instrument analysis for marine and freshwater fishes.

Fishes	Target chemicals	Extraction methods	Cleanup methods	Instrument analysis	Reference
Seven marine fishes	PBDEs	LLE	GPC + SPE	GC/MS NCI-SIM	[16]
Chub	PCBs, OCPs	PLE	GPC + sulphuric acids	GC/ECD	[17]
Marine fish	PAHs	SE	CC	GC/MS EI-SIM	[18]
Blue mussel, salmon	PAHs	PLE	GPC + SC	GC/MS EI-SIM	[19]
Fifteen carps	PBDEs	PLE	CC	GC/MS EI-SIM	[20]
Atlantic salmon	PBDEs, PCBs	SE	CC (acidic silica gel)	GC/MS ECNI-SIM	[21]
Freshwater fish	PBDEs, PCBs	SE, PLE, MAE	CC (acidic silica gel)	GC/MS EI-SIM	[22]
Trout, salmon	PAHs, PBDEs, PCBs	LLE, DSPE	SPE	GC/TOFMS EI-SIM	[23]
Freshwater fish	OCPs	PLE, SE	CC	GC-ECD	[24]
Marine fish	PCBs, OCPs	PLE	GPC + CC	GC/MS NCI-SIM	[25]
Grass carp	PAHs, OCPs,; PBDEs, PCBs	MAE	GPC + SC/CC	GC/MS EI/NCI-SIM	The present study

Notes: LLE, liquid-liquid extraction; PLE, pressurized liquid extraction; SE, Soxhlet extraction; DSPE, dispersive solid phase extraction; ECD, electrical conductivity detector; ECNI, electron capture negative ionization; NCI, negative chemical ionization; EI, electron impact; SIM, selective ion monitoring mode.