Detection of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water Samples by Annular Platform-Supported Ionic Liquid-Based Headspace Liquid-Phase Microextraction

Table 3

Comparison of the proposed method with other preconcentration methods for determination of PAHs in water.

Preconcentration technique	Analytical technique	Extraction solvent	Sample volume (mL)	Solvent volumea (mL)	Extraction time (min)	Extraction efficiency (%)	LOQ (µg·L^−1)	Reference
LLE	HPLC-Flu	CH2Cl2	250	90	6	51–104	0.1–4.4	[34]
SPE	HPLC-Flu	C6H14-CH2Cl2	50	5	50	67–99	0.7–56.2	[35]
SPME	GC-MS/MS	—	18	—	70	60–102	0.1–1.0	[36]
DLLME	GC-FID	C2Cl4	5	0.008	Seconds	60–111	23.3–100.0	[25]
LLME-FA	GC-FID	Toluene	22	0.05	5	100–108	14–41 (LOD)	[37]
IL-DLLME	GC-MS	[P6,6,6,14^+][Ni(II)(hfacac)3^−]	25	0.025	10	84–115	0.5–8.7 (LOD)	[38]
IL-DLLME	HPLC-UV	[C8MIM]PF6	10	0.055	30	83.5–118	0.0005–0.88 (LOD)	[39]
IL-DLLME	HPLC-Flu	[C8MIM]PF6	10	0.05	2	90–102	0.1–7.0	[22]
IL-SDME	HPLC-Flu	[C8MIM]PF6	15	0.003	30	—	—	[12]
IL-HS-LPME	HPLC-Flu	[C8MIM]PF6	5	0.003	60	88–110	0.03–0.1 (LOD)	[40]
APS-IL-LPME	HPLC-Flu	[SBnIM]PF6	10	0.05	30	65.0–102	0.01–0.05 (LOQ)/0.003–0.015 (LOD)	This work

—, not required or not available. ^aThe volume of extraction solvent needed in the extraction process.