Advantageous Extraction, Cleanup, and UHPLC-MS/MS Detection of Patulin Mycotoxin in Dietary Supplements and Herbal Blends Containing Hawberry from Crataegus spp.

Table 1

Characteristic data of the studied 41 products and samples containing hawberry (hawthorn fruit).

No.	Sample	Species of Crataegus spp.	Producer	Province of Poland	Composition
Group I: single-component commercial dietary supplements
1	K1	C. monogyna/C. laevigata	Flos	Lodzkie	Hawberry (hawthorn fruit)
2	K17		Dary natury	Podlaskie
3	K24		Natur-vit	Swietokrzyskie
4	K26		Kawon	Wielkopolskie
5	K28		Dary natury	Podlaskie
6	G1		Kawon	Wielkopolskie
7	G2		Kawon	Wielkopolskie
8	G3		Kawon	Wielkopolskie
9	G4		Flos	Lodzkie
10	G5		Flos	Lodzkie
11	G6		Dary natury	Podlaskie
12	G27		Flos	Lodzkie
13	G14		Skarby natury	Lubuskie
14	G15		Internet sale	No data
Group IA: multicomponent commercial herbal blends
15	K23	C. monogyna/C. laevigata	Herbapol	Malopolskie	Hawberry (40%), lemon balm leaf (30%), lavender flower (15%), horsetail herb^x
16	G7		Bifix	Lodzkie	Hawberry (40%), apple fruit^x, chokeberry fruit^x, hibiscus flower^x, citric acid^x
17	G13		Malwa	Lubuskie	Hawberry (51%), hibiscus flower^x, hawthorn inflorescence^x, rose hip^x
18	K14		Herbapol	Malopolskie	Hawberry (60%), elderberry fruit (18%), hibiscus flower (17%), mallow flower (5%)
19	K18		Herbapol	Malopolskie	Hawberry (61%), elderberry fruit (18%), hibiscus flower (17%), mallow flower (4%)
20	K19		Bifix	Lodzkie	Hawberry (40%), apple^x, chokeberry fruit^x, hibiscus flower^x, concentrate of chokeberry fruit^x, citric acid^x
Group II: naturally dried at 20°C, freshly harvested hawberry
21	G23	C. laevigata	Ojców^a	Malopolskie	Hawberry
22	G24	C. laevigata	Ojców^a	Malopolskie	Hawberry
23	G25	C. laevigata	Ojców^a	Malopolskie	Hawberry
24	G26	C. rhipidophylla	Ojców^b	Malopolskie	Hawberry
25	G27	C. rhipidophylla	Ojców^a	Malopolskie	Hawberry
26	G28	C. rhipidophylla	Ojców^a	Malopolskie	Hawberry
Group III: frozen at −20°C, freshly harvested hawberry
27	F1	C. monogyna	Fordon 1^c	Kujawsko-Pomorskie	Hawberry
28	F2		Fordon 1^c
29	F3		Fordon 1^c
30	F4		Fordon 1^c
31	F5		Fordon 1^c
32	F6		Fordon 1^c
33	F7		Fordon 1^c
34	F8		Fordon 1^c
35	F9		Fordon 1^c
36	F10		Fordon 1^c
37	F11		Fordon 1^c
38	F12		Fordon 2^d
39	F13		Fordon 2^e
40	F14		Fordon 2^f
41	F15		Bartodzieje^g

Notes. ^xNot defined content. ^a–gGeographical coordinates for location: ^a,b50°12′37.4″N, 19°48′49.0″E (radius of 2 km); ^c53°09′52.7″N, 18°09′07.3″E (radius of 200 m); ^d53°09′46.1″N, 18°09′50.4″E; ^e53°09′36.9″N, 18°09′59.9″E; ^f53°09′22.9″N, 18°09′13.2″E; ^g53°07′29.5″N, 18°02′29.4″E.