Chemometric Analysis of Elemental Fingerprints for GE Authentication of Multiple Geographical Origins

Table 2

Average contents, standard deviations (SD), detection limits, and relative standard deviations (RSD) of the 15 mineral elements in GE samples.

Elements	Average levels (SD) (μg/g)	Detection limit (μg/g)^a	Average RSD (%) ()^b
Mo	0.51 (0.19)	0.05	1.9
Zn	15.13 (3.18)	0.01	0.8
Pb	0.18 (0.05)	0.01	1.3
Cd	0.08 (0.03)	0.01	2.3
Ni	1.13 (0.36)	0.01	3.6
Co	0.16 (0.05)	0.01	2.1
Fe	52.16 (19.22)	0.6	0.9
Mn	11.68 (4.02)	0.01	1.1
Cr	0.58 (0.22)	0.04	2.6
Mg	183 (59)	0.01	1.0
Cu	1.51(0.36)	0.03	1.9
Ca	411 (119)	0.7	0.7
Sr	11.16 (3.18)	0.01	2.6
Na	116 (38)	0.1	1.1
K	4668 (1066)	2.0	0.8

^aThe levels corresponding to a signal intensity of 3σ in the standard curve, where σ was computed from 11 repeated measurements of the blank. ^bAverage RSD across samples of different geographical origins.