Development and Validation of a New Method for Determination of Pb and Cr in Marine Organisms by Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence (TXRF) Spectroscopy

Table 3

Comparison between the TXRF methodology and other methodologies for the simultaneous determination of Pb and Cr.

Detection system^a	LOD (mg·L^−1)		Linear working range (mg·L^−1)		Sample volume (mL)	RSD (%)		Sample introduction	Type of sample	Ref.
	Pb	Cr	Pb	Cr		Pb	Cr
TXRF (Ga, IS)	1.573 × 10^−3	7.09 × 10^−4	5 × 10^−3–0.1	2 × 10^−3–0.1	0.01	5.1	4	Liquid	Turtle skin, shark muscle, and dolphin fat	Present work
TXRF (Y, IS)	0.03	0.05	0.2–1.9	1.1–9.3	0.02	3	5	Liquid	Fish	[29]
EDXRF	0.5	5.2	0.6–7.4	16.1–20.7	—	3	3	Pellets	Fish	[13]
GF-AAS	0.0208	0.0171	10–50	1–13	0.015	6.2	7.9	Liquid	Fish	[18]
SWASV	0.031	—	10–30	—	5	5	—	Liquid	Algae and turtle eggs	[19]
FAAS	—	8 × 10^−4	—	1 × 10^−3–0.04	37.8	—	3.2	Liquid	Marine sediments	[30]

^aTXRF, total reflection X-ray fluorescence; EDXRF, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence; IS, internal standard; GF-AAS, graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectrometry; SWASV, square wave anodic stripping voltammetry coupled to disposable screen-printed electrodes; FAAS, flame atomic absorption spectrometry.