An Analytical Perspective on Determination of Free Base Nicotine in E-Liquids

Figure 5

Extraction of free base (Nic) and protonated nicotine (NicH⁺) by (a) hexane-water single extraction, (b) hexane-water double extraction, (c) toluene-water single extraction, and (d) toluene-water double extraction. Note. Percent recovery of hexane and toluene extractions is 98.04 ± 1.66 and 97.10 ± 3.47, respectively. All results are in triplicate with RSD < 2.0%.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)