Determination of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Craft Villages and Industrial Environments of Vietnam

Table 5

Risk quotients of eight target compounds.

Compounds	PNECwater (ng/L)^a	RQ
		Ha Tay villages Textile dyeing	Hoi Quan village Textile dyeing	Nhu Quynh village Plastic recycling	Phong Khe village Paper recycling
PFHxA	97,000	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
PFOA	1,428	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01 ÷ 0.019
PFNA	1,000,000	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
PFDA	45	<0.01 ÷ 0.042	<0.01 ÷ 0.034	<0.01 ÷ 0.058	<0.01 ÷ 0.054
PFUdA	8	<0.01 ÷ 0.244	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
PFDoA	1	<0.01 ÷ 1.44	<0.01 ÷ 11.9	<0.01 ÷ 0.725	<0.01
PFHxS	250,000	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
PFOS	610	<0.1	<0.01 ÷ 0.012	<0.01	<0.01

PNEC: predicted no effect concentration; RQ: risk quotient; (a)[30–33].