Multielement Analysis of Pakchoi (Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis) by ICP-MS and Their Classification according to Different Small Geographical Origins

Table 1

Contents (µg/g, fresh weight base) of the 42 elements in pakchoi from 6 locations in Hanoi.

Element	LOD	LOQ	Cultivation region
			Tien Phong	Thanh Da	Linh Nam	Thanh Xuan	Van Duc	Van Noi
			(n = 10)	(n = 10)	(n = 10)	(n = 10)	(n = 10)	(n = 10)
^11B	0.031 ± 0.002	0.103 ± 0.006	<MQL	2.225 ± 0.001	2.296 ± 0.149	1.679 ± 0.254	1.103 ± 0.028	1.367 ± 0.129
^23Na	2.220 ± 0.054	7.399 ± 0.179	740.7 ± 3.2	194.33 ± 3.43	343 ± 27	1056 ± 7	352.6 ± 3.6	401 ± 8
^24Mg	9.090 ± 0.081	30.29 ± 0.269	528.8 ± 5.1	543.4 ± 5.9	536.5 ± 49.1	543.1 ± 42	629.6 ± 10.5	518.6 ± 6.7
^27Al	1.100 ± 0.007	3.666 ± 0.023	58.85 ± 5.6	242.1 ± 7.7	130.5 ± 9.6	102.8 ± 1.2	305.8 ± 20.2	72.63 ± 4.16
^28Si	28.07 ± 0.103	93.55 ± 0.342	45.77 ± 3.2	37.53 ± 1.83	212.4 ± 10.8	302.5 ± 33.1	126.7 ± 1.8	163.9 ± 9.9
^39K	12.01 ± 0.051	40.02 ± 0.169	11369 ± 44	10464 ± 15	8683 ± 85	11915 ± 20	12113 ± 133	9220 ± 36
^43Ca	4.003 ± 0.011	13.34 ± 0.036	5422 ± 41	6425 ± 62	6626 ± 61	7517 ± 56	8268 ± 52	5983 ± 24
^45Sc	0.667 ± 0.004	2.223 ± 0.013	0.135 ± 0.011	0.272 ± 0.026	0.215 ± 0.121	0.213 ± 0.076	0.241 ± 0.012	0.207 ± 0.011
^47Ti	0.429 ± 0.003	1.429 ± 0.009	1.383 ± 0.012	2.726 ± 0.121	1.246 ± 0.122	2.062 ± 0.169	1.608 ± 0.073	1.255 ± 0.191
^51V	0.056 ± 0.006	0.186 ± 0.019	0.028 ± 0.002	0.065 ± 0.06	0.042 ± 0.003	0.034 ± 0.003	0.054 ± 0.002	0.031 ± 0.002
^52Cr	0.072 ± 0.001	0.239 ± 0.003	0.123 ± 0.003	0.121 ± 0.007	0.111 ± 0.004	0.192 ± 0.001	0.157 ± 0.006	0.214 ± 0.006
^55Mn	0.114 ± 0.002	0.379 ± 0.006	20.34 ± 1.07	9.976 ± 0.311	10.98 ± 0.11	22.9 ± 0.13	20.44 ± 0.18	14.11 ± 0.37
^56Fe	2.030 ± 0.007	6.765 ± 0.023	20.39 ± 1.05	50.89 ± 0.18	31.59 ± 2.35	26.17 ± 2.21	21.12 ± 1.94	26.97 ± 0.43
^59Co	0.005 ± 0.001	0.016 ± 0.003	0.018 ± 0.001	0.027 ± 0.002	0.041 ± 0.044	0.023 ± 0.002	0.026 ± 0.002	0.017 ± 0.001
^60Ni	0.023 ± 0.003	0.076 ± 0.009	0.117 ± 0.001	0.065 ± 0.003	0.061 ± 0.005	0.279 ± 0.002	0.274 ± 0.092	0.364 ± 0.015
^63Cu	0.027 ± 0.002	0.089 ± 0.006	0.35 ± 0.02	0.219 ± 0.011	0.441 ± 0.003	0.979 ± 0.019	0.702 ± 0.074	0.786 ± 0.036
^66Zn	0.703 ± 0.026	2.343 ± 0.086	7.148 ± 0.09	9.204 ± 0.811	8.674 ± 0.572	15.73 ± 1.21	16.74 ± 0.302	12.73 ± 0.156
^69Ga	0.070 ± 0.001	0.233 ± 0.003	0.399 ± 0.017	0.561 ± 0.005	0.636 ± 0.003	1.079 ± 0.025	1.835 ± 0.037	0.525 ± 0.035
^75As	0.005 ± 0.001	0.016 ± 0.003	<MQL	0.022 ± 0.002	0.041 ± 0.002	0.073 ± 0.19	0.044 ± 0.004	0.032 ± 0.003
^85Rb	0.004 ± 0.001	0.013 ± 0.003	3.111 ± 0.044	2.474 ± 0.218	4.783 ± 0.321	8.548 ± 0.581	6.638 ± 0.058	4.587 ± 0.139
^88Sr	0.091 ± 0.016	0.303 ± 0.053	17.77 ± 0.32	15.57 ± 0.57	13.6 ± 1.2	18.5 ± 0.8	17.18 ± 0.01	15.81 ± 0.02
^89Y	0.018 ± 0.001	0.059 ± 0.006	0.028 ± 0.004	0.046 ± 0.004	0.032 ± 0.001	0.044 ± 0.003	0.047 ± 0.002	0.0302 ± 0.0022
^90Zr	0.0021 ± 0.0001	0.006 ± 0.0003	0.006 ± 0.001	0.004 ± 0.001	0.017 ± 0.001	0.0048 ± 0.0003	0.021 ± 0.001	0.0062 ± 0.0004
^93Nb	0.0014 ± 0.0001	0.004 ± 0.0003	0.004 ± 0.001	0.004 ± 0.002	0.003 ± 0.003	0.0058 ± 0.004	0.016 ± 0.001	0.045 ± 0.002
^95Mo	0.032 ± 0.002	0.106 ± 0.006	0.075 ± 0.003	0.032 ± 0.003	0.026 ± 0.002	0.155 ± 0.002	0.070 ± 0.031	0.093 ± 0.003
^105Pd	0.0091 ± 0.0002	0.030 ± 0.0006	0.034 ± 0.002	0.056 ± 0.002	0.038 ± 0.003	0.039 ± 0.007	0.045 ± 0.003	0.035 ± 0.002
^107Ag	0.0041 ± 0.0001	0.013 ± 0.0003	0.106 ± 0.007	0.005 ± 0.001	0.005 ± 0.001	0.042 ± 0.003	2.687 ± 0.449	0.018 ± 0.001
^111Cd	0.0032 ± 0.0001	0.010 ± 0.0003	0.011 ± 0.001	0.023 ± 0.002	0.036 ± 0.003	0.027 ± 0.002	0.040 ± 0.003	0.033 ± 0.003
^118Sn	0.061 ± 0.002	0.203 ± 0.006	0.093 ± 0.004	0.015 ± 0.001	0.255 ± 0.013	0.121 ± 0.001	0.155 ± 0.009	0.123 ± 0.007
^121Sb	0.0035 ± 0.0001	0.011 ± 0.0003	0.042 ± 0.003	0.059 ± 0.004	0.041 ± 0.031	0.122 ± 0.005	0.131 ± 0.027	0.075 ± 0.005
^133Cs	0.0027 ± 0.0002	0.008 ± 0.0006	0.012 ± 0.001	0.039 ± 0.003	0.041 ± 0.002	0.035 ± 0.003	0.044 ± 0.001	0.020 ± 0.001
^137Ba	0.523 ± 0.048	1.743 ± 0.159	1.318 ± 0.094	1.31 ± 0.09	2.616 ± 0.111	2.763 ± 0.547	5.953 ± 0.479	1.64 ± 0.11
^139La	0.009 ± 0.001	0.029 ± 0.003	0.016 ± 0.002	0.042 ± 0.002	0.044 ± 0.002	0.036 ± 0.002	0.023 ± 0.002	0.020 ± 0.002
^140Ce	0.0052 ± 0.0001	0.017 ± 0.0003	0.018 ± 0.001	0.055 ± 0.002	0.031 ± 0.002	0.045 ± 0.002	0.057 ± 0.003	0.028 ± 0.007
^141Pr	0.0017 ± 0.0001	0.005 ± 0.0003	0.003 ± 0.000	0.011 ± 0.001	0.0043 ± 0.0003	0.006 ± 0.001	0.0057 ± 0.002	0.0028 ± 0.0001
^146Nd	0.010 ± 0.001	0.033 ± 0.003	0.012 ± 0.001	0.033 ± 0.002	0.015 ± 0.001	0.032 ± 0.013	0.024 ± 0.002	0.014 ± 0.001
^147Sm	0.0025 ± 0.0001	0.008 ± 0.0003	<MQL	0.008 ± 0.001	0.008 ± 0.001	0.014 ± 0.001	0.0032 ± 0.0002	0.0053 ± 0.0003
^153Eu	0.0028 ± 0.0002	0.009 ± 0.0006	0.003 ± 0.001	0.004 ± 0.001	0.006 ± 0.001	0.007 ± 0.498	0.014 ± 0.001	0.0038 ± 0.0001
^157Gd	0.0014 ± 0.0002	0.004 ± 0.0006	0.003 ± 0.001	0.011 ± 0.001	0.006 ± 0.001	0.013 ± 0.001	0.015 ± 0.001	0.0038 ± 0.0002
^182W	0.0011 ± 0.0001	0.003 ± 0.006	0.003 ± 0.001	0.002 ± 0.001	0.023 ± 0.002	0.014 ± 0.001	0.368 ± 0.007	0.012 ± 0.001
^202Hg	0.0005 ± 0.0000	0.001 ± 0.0001	0.003 ± 0.001	0.0011 ± 0.0001	0.005 ± 0.001	0.0058 ± 0.0003	0.0045 ± 0.003	0.0072 ± 0.0001
^208Pb	0.014 ± 0.001	0.046 ± 0.003	0.023 ± 0.002	0.0010 ± 0.0001	0.301 ± 0.002	0.489 ± 0.009	0.354 ± 0.002	0.512 ± 0.034

MQL, method quantification limit.