Enhanced Electrochemical Sensor for Electrocatalytic Glucose Analysis in Orange Juices and Milk by the Integration of the Electron-Withdrawing Substituents on Graphene/Glassy Carbon Electrode

Table 2

Compared with previous electrodes, the performance of the HPMpFP-graphene/GCE in measuring glucose concentrations was shown to be improved.

Electrode	Sensitivity (μA/mM/cm^2)	Linear range (µmol L^−1)	LOD (µmol L^−1)	Sample	Ref.
^aPEDOT/^bPAA/^cGOD and PEDOT/^dAA/GOD	274 ± 7 and 257 ± 10	30 × 10^3–980 and 30 × 10^3–1860	0.29 and 0.56	Grape juice and honey	[7]
^ePAA-^fVS-PANI/^gGPL-FePc/^hGOx-^iCH	18.11	20 × 10^3–1 × 10^3	6.40	Fruit juice and human serum	[49]
^jAg-PANI/^krGO	2.7664	50–0.1	0.79	Orange juice, apple juice, mango juice, coke, and milk	[50]
Carbon-supported ^lPdCoAg	4156.34	350–5	3.00	Energy drink, fruit juice, and carbonated beverages	[51]
HPMpFP-graphene/GCE	11.42	1000–90 and 88–1	0.74	Orange juice and milk	This work

^aPEDOT—poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), ^bPAA—polyacrylic acid, ^cGOD—glucose oxidase enzyme, ^dAA—anthranilic acid, ^ePAA—polyacrylic acid, ^fVS-PANI—vinyl substituted polyaniline, ^gGPL-FePc—iron phthalocyanine functionalized graphene nanoplatelets, ^hGOx—glucose oxidase, ⁱCH—hydrogel, ^jAg—silver, ^krGO—reduced graphene oxide, ^lPdCoAg—palladium-copper-silver.