Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of Chemical Constituents from Shuanghuanglian Injection Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Figure 1

Representative ¹H-NMR spectrum of SHLI from δ 0.0 to 10.0 (a), enlarged spectrum between δ 0.8 and 3.0 (b), from δ 3.0 to 5.5 (c), and in the range of δ 6.0 and 9.0 (d). TSP-d₄ as an internal standard with a chemical shift at 0.0 ppm. Characteristic signal peaks of 17 metabolites: 1 valine; 2 glucose; 3 fructose; 4 mannose; 5 sucrose; 6 formic acid; 7 succinic acid; 8 myo-inositol; 9 chlorogenic acid; 10 neochlorogenic acid; 11 cryptochlorogenic acid; 12 caffeic acid; 13 forsythoside A; 14 isoforsythiaside A; 15 forsythoside E; 16 baicalin; 17 secoxyloganin.

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