Body Mass Index Is Associated with Dietary Patterns and Health Conditions in Georgia Centenarians
Table 2
Demographics, dietary patterns, and health conditions of centenarians of varying BMI classification: The Georgia Centenarian Study.
BMI ≤201 Median, range, mean ± SD, or %
BMI >20 and < 251 Median, range, mean ± SD, or %
BMI ≥ 251 Median, range, mean ± SD, or %
P
Age
100.5, 98.1–106.0 100.8 ± 1.8
100.2, 98.1–105.2 100.5 ± 1.8
99.6, 98.1–108.5 100.2 ± 2.1
.051
Gender2
Women
34.5 (68)
41.1 (81)
24.4 (48)
.042
Men
13.9 (5)
58.3 (21)
27.8 (10)
Race2
White
33.2 (61)
46.2 (85)
20.6 (38)
.015
African American
24.5 (12)
34.7 (17)
40.8 (20)
Living arrangements2
Skilled nursing facility
43.6 (44)
35.6 (36)
20.8 (21)
.002
Community
22.0 (29)
50.0 (66)
28.0 (37)
B-vitamin supplements3
No
61.6 (45)
63.7 (65)
74.1 (43)
.281
Yes
38.4 (28)
36.3 (37)
25.9 (15)
Total food score4
4.0, 0–5
3.0, 0–5
2.0, 0–5
.046
<3
37.0 (27)
49.0 (50)
55.2 (32)
.097
≥3
63.0 (46)
51.0 (52)
44.8 (26)
Meat, fish, poultry intake (servings/day)
<2
41.1 (30)
57.8 (59)
60.3 (35)
.041
≥2
58.9 (43)
42.2 (43)
39.6 (23)
Milk and dairy product intake (servings/day)
<2
45.2 (33)
55.9 (57)
59.6 (34)
.210
≥2
54.8 (40)
44.1 (45)
40.4 (23)
Green vegetable intake (servings/week)
<4
6.8 (5)
4.9 (5)
8.6 (5)
.644
≥4
93.2 (68)
95.1 (97)
91.4 (53)
Orange and yellow vegetable intake (servings/week)
<3
9.6 (7)
11.8 (12)
20.7 (12)
.148
≥3
90.4 (66)
88.2 (90)
79.3 (46)
Total fruit (servings/day)
<3
50.7 (37)
66.7 (68)
70.7 (41)
.034
≥3
49.3 (36)
33.3 (34)
29.3 (17)
Citrus fruit intake (servings/dly)
<1
27.4 (20)
34.3 (35)
50.0 (29)
.025
≥1
72.6 (53)
65.7 (67)
50.0 (29)
Noncitrus fruit intake (servings/day)
<1
24.7 (18)
34.3 (35)
46.6 (27)
.032
≥1
75.3 (55)
65.7 (67)
53.4 (31)
Orange and yellow vegetable intake (servings/week)
<4
23.3 (17)
24.5 (25)
41.4 (24)
.038
≥4
76.7 (56)
75.5 (77)
58.6 (34)
Total fruit and vegetables (servings/day)
<3
17.8 (13)
25.5 (26)
37.9 (22)
.033
≥3
82.2 (60)
74.5 (76)
62.1 (36)
Needs help at mealtime
Yes
42.5 (31)
29.4 (30)
24.1 (14)
.060
No
57.5 (42)
70.6 (72)
75.9 (44)
Eats a typical diet of regular foods
Yes
50.0 (36)
77.4 (79)
74.1 (43)
.0003
No-foods modified
50.0 (36)
22.6 (23)
25.9 (15)
Body weight change in past 3 months
Loss
28.2 (20)
20.6 (20)
12.3 (7)
.040
Gain
15.5 (11)
7.2 (7)
19.3 (11)
No
56.3 (40)
72.2 (70)
68.4 (39)
Appetite loss in past 3 months
Yes (moderate/severe)
11.3 (8)
13.9 (14)
5.3 (3)
.249
No loss
88.7 (63)
86.1 (87)
94.7 (54)
Systolic BP, mmHg
122, 90–160 124.4 ± 14.5a
125, 100–165 126.2 ± 12.7a
130, 110–190 134.4 ± 17.6b
.0013
<140
86.3 (63)
81.4 (83)
67.2 (39)
.022
≥140
13.7 (10)
18.6 (19)
32.8 (19)
Diastolic BP, mmHg
72, 56–100 73.0 ± 8.5
73, 46–100 73.2 ± 8.8
75, 38–100 76.0 ± 11.1
.261
<90
95.9 (70)
96.1 (98)
86.2 (51)
.031
≥90
4.1 (3)
3.9 (4)
13.8 (8)
Diabetes5
Yes
8.2 (6)
3.9 (4)
15.5 (9)
.036
No
91.8 (67)
96.1 (98)
84.5 (49)
Anemia6
Yes
63.2 (43)
44.4 (44)
47.4 (27)
.048
No
36.8 (25)
55.6 (55)
52.6 (30)
CVD5
Yes
58.9 (43)
61.8 (63)
69.0 (40)
.482
No
41.1 (30)
38.2 (39)
31.0 (18)
Cancers5
Yes
31.5 (23)
31.4 (32)
24.1 (14)
.574
No
68.5 (50)
68.6 (70)
75.9 (44)
Stroke5
Yes
23.3 (17)
21.6 (22)
22.4 (13)
.964
No
76.7 (56)
78.4 (80)
77.6 (45)
Depression5
Yes
20.6 (15)
11.8 (12)
10.3 (6)
.163
No
79.4 (58)
88.2 (90)
89.7 (52)
Current or past tobacco use5
Yes
25.0 (18)
31.4 (32)
28.1 (16)
.654
No
75.0 (54)
68.6 (70)
71.9 (41)
Current tobacco use5
Yes
1.4 (1)
3.9 (4)
3.5 (2)
.612
No
98.6 (71)
96.1 (98)
96.5 (55)
Means with different superscripts are significantly different, . 1for BMI ≤20; for BMI > 20 and < 25; for BMI ≥ 25. 2 Percentages add up to 100% across a row. Number of participants represented by each percentage is included in brackets (). 3B vitamin supplements included multivitamin/mineral, B vitamins, or single oral supplements of vitamin B12. 4Total food score ranged from 0 to 5 and one point was given for meeting each recommended serving from five food groups as follows: two or more servings of meat, poultry, or fish daily, two or more servings of dairy foods daily, four or more servings of green vegetables weekly, three or more servings of orange or yellow vegetables weekly, and three or more servings of fruit daily (16). 5Information obtained from participant or a proxy by self-report. 6Based on laboratory values and defined as hemoglobin <12 g/dL for females or <13 g/dL for males (20).
