Impairments in Activities of Daily Living in Older Japanese Men in Hawaii and Japan

Table 4

Unadjusted and adjusted percent of elderly men with ≥1 impairment in activities of daily living (ADL) in Hawaii and Japan.

	Percent with ≥1 ADL impairment
	Hawaii (1863)*	Japan (543)	Relative odds^†
Unadjusted	15.1 (281)^‡	5.9 (32)	2.84^¶ (1.94,4.14)^§
Age adjusted	13.7	9.3	1.56** (1.04,2.34)
Risk factor adjusted^||	13.2	8.9	1.58^†† (1. 01,2.47)

*Sample size, ^†relative odds compare Hawaii to Japan.
^‡Number of men with ≥1 ADL impairment, ^§95% confidence interval.
^||Adjusted for age, hypertension, diabetes, body mass index, total cholesterol, history of myocardial infarction and stroke, and cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking status.
Significant excess odds of having ≥1 ADL impairment in Hawaii versus Japan: ^¶𝑃<.001, ^∗∗𝑃=.032,^††𝑃=.045.