Cognitive Beliefs and Future Time Perspectives: Predictors of Mortality and Longevity

Table 5

Relative risk of death associated with cognitive beliefs, future perspectives, and related traits after adjusting for three covariates entered in the multiple regression analysis.

Trait	β	F	Multiple 𝑅	𝑅^2	Risk ratio model
					RR	95% CI
Covariates combined	.54	6.55**
BJW (Self)	−.48	5.91**	.51	.26	.832	.809,      .855
BJW (Others)	.15	<1.00	.24	.06	1.004	.990,  1.018
FTP (Future time)	−.41	5.21**	.34	.12	.852	.809,     .895
FSC (Future similarity)	−.31	4.27**	.28	.08	.842	.816,     .868
Trust: agreement	−.18	2.02*	.20	.04	.976	.962,     .990
Distrust: agreement	.37	4.57**	.26	.07	1.048	1.024,   1.072
Self-esteem	−.16	<1.00	.20	.04	.998	.964,  1.032
Social support satisfaction	−.29	2.01*	.17	.03	.935	.907,     .963
Control	.21	2.11*	.14	.02	1.005	.996,  1.034
Total				.72

* 𝑃<05; **𝑃<.001; Degrees of freedom for 𝐹=12,424.
Covariates include: participants’ (1) number of visits to health providers at baseline, (2) IADL index score for disability at baseline, and (3) satisfaction with family and friends support. Note: covariates were entered simultaneously. Relative risk ratio (RR) and confidence intervals (CIs) were determined after means were adjusted for covariates.