Factors Associated with Women’s Chronic Disease Management: Associations of Healthcare Frustrations, Physician Support, and Self-Care Needs

Table 1

Sample characteristics by age and needing help learning HOW to take better care of own health.

	Total; (𝑛=287)	Age group				Need help learning How to care for health
		44 to 64; (𝑛=189)	65+; (𝑛=98)	𝜒^2 or 𝑡	𝑃	No; (𝑛=188)	Yes; (𝑛=99)	𝜒^2 or 𝑡	𝑃
Age
44 to 64 years	65.6%	—	—	—	—	64.4%	68.0%	0.38	0.536
65+	34.4%	—	—			35.6%	32.0%
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic white	88.5%	86.8%	91.8%	1.63	0.202	91.5%	82.8%	4.78	0.029
Non-White	11.5%	13.2%	8.2%			8.5%	17.2%
Education
High school or less	38.3%	32.8%	49.0%	7.14	0.008	34.0%	46.5%	4.23	0.040
Some college or more	61.7%	67.2%	51.0%			66.0%	53.5%
Marital status
Unmarried	31.0%	28.0%	36.7%	2.28	0.131	27.8%	37.0%	2.57	0.109
Married	69.0%	72.0%	63.3%			72.2%	63.0%
Residential rurality
Urban	25.2%	17.4%	8.0%	0.33	0.847	23.5%	28.3%	1.95	0.376
Suburban	50.0%	48.9%	52.0%			49.2%	51.5%
Rural	24.8%	24.7%	24.5%			27.3%	20.2%
Limited activities for any reason (physically/mentally/emotionally)
No	67.4%	64.7%	72.4%	1.75	0.186	71.3%	60.0%	3.78	0.052
Yes	32.6%	35.3%	27.6%			28.7%	40.0%
Get help and support to improve health and manage health problems
Never	5.6%	6.3%	4.0%	1.27	0.866	5.9%	5.0%	7.98	0.092
Rarely	9.7%	9.5%	10.1%			9.0%	11.0%
Occasionally	17.7%	11.8%	5.9%			14.9%	23.0%
Frequently	31.9%	21.5%	10.4%			29.8%	36.0%
Always	35.1%	33.3%	38.4%			40.4%	25.0%
Rely on internet for ongoing support to manage health problems
No	54.7%	45.0%	73.5%	21.15	<0.001	53.7%	56.6%	0.21	0.646
Yes	45.3%	55.0%	26.5%			46.3%	43.4%
Number of medications taken daily	3.67 (±3.83)	3.64 (±4.18)	3.73 (±3.08)	−0.20	0.843	3.58 (±3.77)	3.84 (±3.96)	−0.56	0.574
Number of physician visits in the previous 12 months	3.07 (±1.94)	3.10 (±2.00)	3.00 (±1.83)	0.41	0.684	3.00 (±1.97)	3.18 (±1.89)	−0.75	0.452