Is Self-Reported Physical Activity Participation Associated with Lower Health Services Utilization among Older Adults? Cross-Sectional Evidence from the Canadian Community Health Survey

Table 4

The association between LTPA and health services utilization in the 50 to 64 years age group ( = 29,914).

	50 to 64 years age group
	Unadjusted			Adjusted
	OR/IRR^a	(95% C.I.)	Sig	OR/IRR	(95% C.I.)	Sig
GP services
At least 1 GP contact
Moderately active	1.12	(0.99–1.26)	0.061	1.01	(0.88–1.17)	0.854
Active	0.78	(0.70–0.88)	<0.001	0.73	(0.63–0.84)	<0.001
Number of GP consultations^a
Moderately active	0.88	(0.83–0.94)	<0.001	0.97	(0.92–1.03)	0.308
Active	0.78	(0.74–0.84)	<0.001	0.92	(0.87–0.97)	0.002
Specialist physician services^*
At least 1 specialist contact
Moderately active	0.94	(0.86–1.02)	0.138	0.99	(0.89–1.09)	0.792
Active	0.85	(0.77–0.95)	0.002	0.99	(0.87–1.12)	0.882
Number of specialist consultations^a
Moderately active	0.93	(0.80–1.08)	0.339	1.01	(0.90–1.13)	0.858
Active	0.77	(0.65–0.90)	0.002	1.04	(0.90–1.21)	0.557
Hospital services^†
Overnight hospitalization
Moderately active	0.77	(0.65–0.90)	0.001	0.92	(0.76–1.12)	0.416
Active	0.71	(0.58–0.86)	0.001	0.97	(0.77–1.23)	0.822
Number of nights in hospital^a
Moderately active	1.01	(0.69–1.49)	0.940	1.15	(0.94–1.43)	0.181
Active	0.78	(0.49–1.25)	0.303	1.03	(0.80–1.33)	0.816

The estimate is an incidence rate ratio (IRR).
Note: analyses adjusted for the following (reference category in italics): age; sex (male/female); marital status (married: yes/no); education (graduated secondary: yes/no); ethnicity (non-Aboriginal/Aboriginal); employment status (employed: no/yes); household size (1, 2, 3, or more people); dwelling size (<3 bedrooms, 3 bedrooms, >3 bedrooms); immigration status (nonimmigrant, immigrant); injury in previous 12 months (no/yes); limitation in ADLs (no/yes); smoking status (never smoked/former smoker/nonsmoker); exposed to 2nd hand smoke (no/yes); alcohol consumption (<1 drink daily/at least 1 drink daily); BMI (<25.0 kg·m²/25.0–29.9 kg·m²/≥30 kg·m² or greater); time spent walking to work or to run errands (none/<1 hour/≥1 hour); cycling to work or to run errands (no/yes); typical daily activity level (usually sitting/standing or walking/lifting light and/or heavy loads); annual household income (<$15,000; $15,000–$29,999; ≥$30,000; missing); province (ON, MB, AB, BC, SK, QC, NB, NS, PE, NL, YT/NT/NU); urban-rural classification (urban/rural); language (able to speak English and/or French: yes/no); has regular family doctor (yes/no); self-rated general health (excellent/very good/good; fair/poor); self-rated mental health (excellent/very good/good; fair/poor); diagnosed with hypertension, cardiovascular disease (including stroke), COPD, asthma, diabetes, cancer, neurological conditions, rheumatological conditions, back problems, gastrointestinal disorders, mood/anxiety disorders, or other chronic conditions (no/yes for each); number of chronic conditions (none/1 condition/2 conditions/3 conditions/4 or more conditions).
^*Analyses of specialist services also adjusted for number of GP consultations.
^†Analyses of hospital services also adjusted for specialist physician consultations (yes/no).