The Association between Sleep Problems, Sleep Medication Use, and Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Results from the Health and Retirement Study 2010

Table 4

Association between sleep problems, sleep medication use, and injurious falls in community-dwelling older adults in the US, 2010.

Variables	Noninjurious fallers	Injurious fallers
	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Sleep problems
Yes	1.12 (1.00–1.25)	1.16 (0.98–1.36)
No	Ref.	Ref.
Sleep medication use
Yes	1.04 (0.89–1.22)	1.40 (1.15–1.71)
No	Ref.	Ref.
Sleep problems + sleep medication use
No sleep problem + no sleep med use	Ref.	Ref.
No sleep problem + sleep med use	1.05 (0.86–1.30)	1.76 (1.40–2.20)
Sleep problem + no sleep med use	1.13 (0.99–1.29)	1.25 (1.02–1.54)
Sleep problem + sleep med use	1.12 (0.92–1.35)	1.40 (1.08–1.82)

Note. Data source: 2010 HRS dataset (RAND HRS data file and 2010 HRS core physical health file).
value < 0.05, < 0.01, and < 0.0001.
Ref. = reference.
No sleep problem + no sleep med use = participants who reported no sleep problems and no use of sleep medications.
No sleep problem + sleep med use = participants who reported no sleep problems but use of sleep medications.
Sleep problem + no sleep med use = participants who reported sleep problems and no use of sleep medications.
Sleep problem + sleep med use = participants who reported sleep problems and use of sleep medications.
Full model: adjusted for age, gender, education, marital status, race, self-reported health, alcohol, number of comorbidities, limitations in IADL, limitations in ADL, limitations in mobility, self-rated eyesight, and incontinence.