Optimism and Mortality in Older Men and Women: The Rancho Bernardo Study
Table 3
Associations of continuous LOT-R score with mortality in both sexes, Cox proportional hazard modeling, Rancho Bernardo, CA, 1999–2002 ().
All-cause mortality
Cancer mortality
CVD mortality
CHD mortality
HR (95% CI)
value
HR (95% CI)
value
HR (95% CI)
value
HR (95% CI)
value
Total LOT-R score
Model 1
0.94 (0.90, 0.98)
0.002
1.00 (0.92, 1.09)
0.99
0.90 (0.84, 0.97)
0.004
0.85 (0.77, 0.95)
0.003
Model 2
0.98 (0.93, 1.02)
0.32
1.03 (0.94, 1.13)
0.53
0.94 (0.87, 1.02)
0.14
0.85 (0.74, 0.97)
0.02
Model 3
0.98 (0.94, 1.02)
0.36
1.03 (0.94, 1.13)
0.53
0.94 (0.87, 1.02)
0.16
0.86 (0.76, 2.98)
0.02
Model 4
0.99 (0.94, 1.03)
0.50
1.03 (0.94, 1.13)
0.48
0.95 (0.88, 1.03)
0.22
0.87 (0.76, 0.99)
0.04
Model 5
0.99 (0.94, 1.03)
0.53
1.04 (0.94, 1.14)
0.46
0.94 (0.87, 1.03)
0.16
0.86 (0.75, 0.99)
0.04
LOT-R optimism subscale
Model 1
0.96 (0.89, 1.04)
0.30
1.13 (0.95, 1.33)
0.17
0.91 (0.79, 1.04)
0.16
0.77 (0.62, 0.95)
0.01
Model 2
0.98 (0.90, 1.07)
0.64
1.15 (0.97, 1.36)
0.12
0.92 (0.80, 1.07)
0.29
0.75 (0.59, 0.95)
0.02
Model 3
0.99 (0.91, 1.08)
0.83
1.15 (0.97, 1.36)
0.11
0.94 (0.81, 1.08)
0.38
0.78 (0.62, 0.98)
0.03
Model 4
1.00 (0.92, 1.09)
1.00
1.15 (0.97, 1.37)
0.11
0.94 (0.81, 1.08)
0.38
0.77 (0.61, 0.97)
0.03
Model 5
1.00 (0.92, 1.09)
1.00
1.16 (0.97, 1.38)
0.10
0.92 (0.80, 1.07)
0.30
0.77 (0.61, 0.99)
0.04
LOT-R pessimism subscale
Model 1
1.16 (1.09, 1.25)
<0.001
1.09 (0.95, 1.26)
0.23
1.24 (1.10, 1.39)
<0.001
1.31 (1.08, 1.58)
0.007
Model 2
1.05 (0.97, 1.13)
0.23
1.03 (0.88, 1.19)
0.74
1.10 (0.96, 1.25)
0.16
Model 3
1.05 (0.98, 1.13)
0.18
1.03 (0.89, 1.20)
0.71
1.11 (0.97, 1.26)
0.13
1.22 (0.98, 1.52)
0.07
Model 4
1.04 (0.97, 1.12)
0.27
1.02 (0.88, 1.18)
0.80
1.08 (0.95, 1.23)
0.23
1.18 (0.95, 1.47)
0.13
Model 5
1.04 (0.96, 1.12)
0.33
1.02 (0.88, 1.19)
0.79
1.10 (0.96, 1.25)
0.19
1.20 (0.95, 1.50)
0.13
Reference: (1) Model 1: it includes LOT-R, Model 2: it includes Model 1 + age, Model 3: it includes Model 2 + sex, Model 4: it includes Model 3 + lifestyle variables (average week alcohol use, smoking status, waist-to-hip ratio, and exercise status), Model 5: it includes Model 4 + medication variables (angina meds, cholesterol-lowering meds, and diabetic meds), and Model 6: it includes Model 5 + SF-12 variables (PCS, MCS). (2) All-cause mortality (), cancer mortality (), CVD mortality (), and CHD mortality (). (3) LOT-R and sex interaction is not statistically significant. Bold indicates value ≤ 0.05.
