| | | Care-receivers
() | Assurance-receivers () | Nonreceivers with
need () | Nonreceivers without need
() | Test statistics, significance |
| | Social Exclusion Variables | | | | | | Income comfort: M (SD)
(high score = low comfort) | 2.72 (0.80) | 2.63 (0.87) | 2.93 (1.00) | 2.53 (0.81) | , | | Family contact: M (SD) | 1.87 (1.08) | 1.86 (1.18) | 1.13 (1.13) | 1.67 (1.17) | , | | Nonfamily contact: (%) | | | | | | | None | 78 (29.3) | 93 (31.4) | 27 (39.7) | 180 (30.3) | = 9.34, | | Friends or neighbours | 105 (39.5) | 107 (36.1) | 30 (44.1) | 247 (41.5) | | Friends and neighbours | 83 (31.2) | 96 (32.4) | 11 (16.2) | 168 (28.2) | | Caregiving: (%) | 34 (12.7) | 30 (10.1) | 5 (7.4) | 81 (13.6) | = 3.82, | | Social Loneliness: M (SD) | 1.69 (1.58) | 1.38 (1.58) | 2.79 (2.04) | 1.26 (1.50) | , | | Emotional Loneliness: M (SD) | 1.95 (1.91) | 1.86 (2.00) | 2.85 (2.29) | 1.23 (1.68) | , | | Perceived Community Trust: M (SD) | 10.9 (2.17) | 11.7 (1.59) | 10.4 (2.36) | 11.6 (1.71) | , | | Perceived Community Integration: M (SD) | 15.4 (2.56) | 15.8 (2.20) | 14.3 (3.18) | 15.8 (2.22) | , | | Perceived Community Security: M (SD) | 8.08 (3.79) | 9.79 (2.75) | 7.88 (3.69) | 10.2 (2.94) | , | | Social, Cultural and Leisure Engagement: M (SD) | 18.0 (16.7) | 25.7 (17.0) | 15.9 (14.5) | 31.6 (18.3) | , | | Sport and Outdoor Engagement: M (SD) | 5.19 (8.35) | 11.4 (12.2) | 7.36 (9.00) | 16.9 (13.8) | , |
| | Risk Factors for Social Exclusion | | | | | | | Age: M (SD) | 77.6 (7.98) | 76.9 (7.32) | 77.4 (7.67) | 74.1 (6.47) | , | | Female gender: (%) | 184 (68.4) | 206 (69.4) | 41 (60.3) | 334 (55.8) | = 21.5, | | Living alone: (%) | 138 (51.3) | 206 (69.6) | 53 (77.9) | 231 (38.6) | = 97.3, | | Low education level: (%) | 238 (88.5) | 224 (75.4) | 54 (79.4) | 399 (66.6) | = 47.9, | | Living in urban area: (%) | 174 (64.7) | 149 (50.2) | 47 (69.1) | 247 (41.2) | = 51.6, | | Duration of local residence: M (SD) | 63.0 (21.7) | 55.3 (26.4) | 65.9 (17.3) | 55.5 (22.3) | , | Self-reported health: M (SD)
(high score = poor health) | 3.74 (0.83) | 3.16 (0.84) | 3.45 (0.84) | 2.83 (0.83) | , | Well-being: M (SD)
(high score = high well-being) | 12.0 (6.55) | 13.5 (6.39) | 12.7 (6.77) | 16.0 (5.86) | , | | Medical care-receipt: (%) | 202 (75.1) | 185 (62.3) | 53 (77.9) | 312 (52.1) | = 50.9, | | Formal care-receipt: | | | | | | | Personal care-receipt: (%) | 54 (20.2) | 31 (10.5) | 6 (8.82) | 34 (5.68) | = 42.9, | | Practical support-receipt: (%) | 44 (16.4) | 28 (9.5) | 3 (4.41) | 4 (0.66) | = 82.5, |
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