Effects of Medicare Coverage of a “Welcome-to-Medicare” Visit on Use of Preventive Services among New Medicare Enrollees
Table 3
Odds ratios derived from multivariate logit models for the receipt of cholesterol testing and flu vaccine (Health and Retirement Study data, 1996–2008).
Cholesterol testing
Flu vaccine
Women
Men
Women
Men
Odds ratio (95% CI)
Odds ratio (95% CI)
Odds ratio (95% CI)
Odds ratio (95% CI)
Post 2005
1.40 (0.88–2.25)
1.06 (0.62–1.80)
0.76 (0.52–1.12)
0.63(0.42–0.96)
Treatment
0.97 (0.60–1.55)
2.11(1.09–4.08)
0.87 (0.56–1.35)
1.08 (0.67–1.73)
Post
1.19 (0.48–2.91)
0.83 (0.26–2.60)
0.85 (0.41–1.77)
0.79 (0.36–1.73)
Previous use of the service
5.11(3.57–7.32)
7.73(4.94–12.10)
17.57(12.55–24.59)
16.55(11.41–23.99)
Married
1.29 (0.84–1.95)
1.63(0.94–2.83)
1.39(0.96–2.01)
1.38 (0.87–2.20)
White
0.27 (0.05–1.55)
0.96 (0.19–4.92)
1.51 (0.50–4.55)
0.56 (0.14–2.24)
Black
0.24 (0.04–1.42)
0.84 (0.15–4.67)
0.65 (0.20–2.07)
0.39 (0.09–1.69)
Hispanic
0.26 (0.04–1.72)
0.85 (0.13–5.44)
0.32(0.09–1.16)
0.54 (0.11–2.53)
High school/GED
0.99 (0.61–1.60)
1.63 (0.90–2.94)
1.27 (0.83–1.94)
1.63(1.01–2.64)
Some college and beyond
1.40 (0.83–2.39)
2.12(1.11–4.03)
1.55(0.98–2.45)
1.79(1.07–2.98)
Employer provided insurance
1.20 (0.82–1.76)
0.88 (0.55–1.40)
1.09 (0.79–1.50)
1.05 (0.75–1.49)
Employment
0.78 (0.41–1.47)
1.14 (0.60–2.17)
0.76 (0.42–1.35)
0.88 (0.54–1.43)
Driving
0.83 (0.45–1.54)
9.28(2.57–33.43)
0.87 (0.49–1.52)
1.28 (0.32–5.09)
Income 2
1.56(0.97–2.51)
0.68 (0.36–1.28)
0.81 (0.53–1.24)
1.14 (0.70–1.87)
Income 3
1.32 (0.78–2.25)
0.65 (0.32–1.30)
0.72 (0.45–1.15)
0.84 (0.50–1.41)
Northeast
1.42 (0.66–3.04)
0.51 (0.18–1.43)
1.28 (0.67–2.41)
0.85 (0.42–1.69)
Midwest
0.91 (0.49–1.69)
0.42(0.17–1.02)
0.62(0.36–1.04)
0.70 (0.39–1.25)
South
0.79 (0.44–1.41)
0.45(0.19–1.04)
0.67 (0.40–1.11)
0.68 (0.40–1.17)
Rural
0.88 (0.61–1.27)
0.66(0.42–1.04)
1.11 (0.80–1.54)
1.06 (0.75–1.51)
Not smoking
1.44 (0.90–2.28)
1.98(1.12–3.50)
1.90(1.22–2.96)
1.62(0.99–2.64)
Not drinking
0.88 (0.57–1.36)
1.64(1.05–2.56)
0.94 (0.65–1.36)
0.92 (0.65–1.29)
Overweight
1.02 (0.69–1.49)
1.43 (0.90–2.29)
1.31 (0.93–1.83)
1.22 (0.82–1.80)
Exercise
1.76(1.14–2.69)
1.69(0.96–2.96)
1.20 (0.80–1.81)
0.98 (0.61–1.58)
No chronic diseases
0.36(0.23–0.57)
0.30(0.17–0.53)
0.63(0.40–0.99)
0.64(0.39–1.03)
No ADL
1.22 (0.68–2.20)
0.45(0.18–1.09)
0.93 (0.55–1.54)
1.01 (0.55–1.88)
Zero CES-D
0.86 (0.58–1.25)
2.01(1.25–3.22)
1.07 (0.77–1.48)
1.00 (0.70–1.43)
Better than good health
0.69 (0.44–1.07)
0.94 (0.55–1.60)
1.17 (0.80–1.70)
0.81 (0.54–1.21)
Less than good health
0.97 (0.57–1.64)
2.46(1.28–4.70)
1.99(1.26–3.14)
1.42 (0.87–2.29)
Better than good eyesight
0.95 (0.64–1.42)
1.22 (0.73–2.03)
1.06 (0.75–1.50)
1.43(0.98–2.10)
Less than good eyesight
0.98 (0.58–1.64)
0.59(0.32–1.07)
1.01 (0.66–1.57)
1.00 (0.62–1.60)
Pseudo -squared
0.16
0.26
0.32
0.28
Sample size
Notes. CI = confidence interval. Sample sizes vary across models because some individuals are missing data on some items and because there are different numbers of women and men in the sample. Significant at 10%, significant at 5%, and significant at 1%.
