| | Value label |
| Dependent variables | | Daily supplies | 0 = did not pay, 1 = did pay | Day/night care cost | 0 = did not pay, 1 = did pay | Formal care | 0 = did not pay, 1 = did pay | Home renovation | 0 = did not pay, 1 = did pay | Informal care (opportunity cost) | 0 = did not pay, 1 = did pay | Medical devices | 0 = did not pay, 1 = did pay |
| Independent variables | | Age | Continuous | Area | 0 = rural, 1 = urban | Annual income ≥ USD 4,354 | 0 = no, 1 = yes | Chronic diseases | 0 = no, 1 = present at least one of eight chronic diseases (hypertension, diabetes, stroke, heart, dementia, osteoarthritis, paralysis, or hypercholesterol) | Disability | 0 = no, 1 = present at least one of ten disabilities | Education | 0 = any education, 1 = no education | Gender | 0 = male, 1 = female | Living status | 0 = living with other, 1 = living alone | Marital status | 0 = married, 1 = single; single includes never married, divorced, widowed, and married but separated | Working status | 0 = did not work, 1 = work |
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