Estimating Long-Term Care Costs among Thai Elderly: A Phichit Province Case Study
Table 3
Characteristics of elderly in study area (N = 837).
Care recipients
Rural, N (%)
Urban, N (%)
N
437 (100)
400 (100)
Mean age (SD)
71.44 ± 7.86
68.58 ± 5.71
60–69
208 (47.6)
114 (59.3)
χ2 = 50.32,
70–79
156 (35.7)
154 (38.5)
≥80
73 (16.7)
9 (2.3)
Gender
χ2 = 1.24,
Female
302 (69.1)
262 (65.5)
Marital status
χ2 = 6.57,
Never married
45 (10.3)
47 (11.8)
Married living together
191 (43.7)
204 (51.0)
Married not living togethera
201 (46.0%)
149 (37.3)
Education level
χ2 = 44.93,
Primary school and lower degree
365 (83.5)
253 (63.3)
High school
44 (10.1)
82 (20.5)
Diploma and higher degree
28 (6.4)
65 (16.3)
Living arrangement
χ2 = 0.11,
Not alone
359 (82.2)
325 (81.3)
Working status
χ2 = 2.32,
Did not work
294 (67.3)
249 (62.3)
Annual incomeb
χ2 = 50.79,
No income
21 (5.3)
70 (18.7)
<USD 4,354
311 (77.8)
208 (55.6)
≥USD 4,354
68 (17.0)
96 (25.7)
Source of support (not including work)c
Old age allowance
388 (90.2)
284 (71.5)
χ2 = 47.38,
Children
154 (35.9)
120 (30.2)
χ2 = 2.99,
Pensions/lump sums
30 (7.0)
70 (17.6)
χ2 = 22.05,
Property incomed
32 (7.4)
28 (7.1)
χ2 = 0.05,
Other
24 (5.6)
19 (4.8)
χ2 = 0.27,
Disability
χ2 = 33.12,
Any disabilities
109 (24.9)
39 (9.8)
Chronic diseasese
χ2 = 4.07,
Any chronic disease
356 (81.5)
303 (75.8)
Caregiver
χ2 = 142.50,
Have caregiver
327 (74.8)
135 (33.8)
aMarried not living together includes separated, widowed, and divorced. bData were missing for some respondents for the yearly personal income (62). cOne person may have more than one source of support. dProperty income includes rental income, equity/fixed interest, and return from another investments. eChronic diseases include hypertension, diabetes, stroke, heart problems, dementia, osteoarthritis, paralysis, and hypercholesterol.
