Osteosarcopenic Visceral Obesity and Osteosarcopenic Subcutaneous Obesity, Two New Phenotypes of Sarcopenia: Prevalence, Metabolic Profile, and Risk Factors

Table 1

Diagnostic criteria for osteosarcopenic obesity based on body composition (via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) [2, 3, 5].

Diagnostic criteria	T-score for BMD ≤ −1.0 SD at the hip femoral	SMI > 5.5 kg/h^2 for women and 7.23 kg/h^2 for men	Fat mass ≥ 38% for women and ≥28% for men	Visceral/subcutaneous fat ratio > 1
Osteopenia/osteoporosis	Yes	No	No	No
Sarcopenia	No	Yes	No	No
Visceral obesity	No	No	Yes	Yes
Subcutaneous obesity	No	No	Yes	No
Osteopenic sarcopenia	Yes	Yes	No	No
Osteopenic subcutaneous obesity	Yes	No	Yes	No
Osteopenic visceral obesity	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
Sarcopenic subcutaneous obesity	No	Yes	Yes	No
Sarcopenic visceral obesity	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Osteosarcopenic subcutaneous obesity	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Osteosarcopenic visceral obesity	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

BMD: bone mineral density; SMI: skeletal muscle index [5].