Associations between ACE-Inhibitors, Angiotensin Receptor Blockers, and Lean Body Mass in Community Dwelling Older Women

Table 2

Association between baseline ACE-I/ARB use and measures of lean mass using linear regression in hypertensive women from the Women’s Health Initiative.

Outcome	Baseline lean mass; β (SE)		Change in lean mass (baseline to year 3); β (SE)
	Model 1^†	Model 2^‡	Model 1^†	Model 2^‡
Lean mass (kg)
Nonuser	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
User	0.31 (0.25)	0.42 (0.20)	0.06 (0.09)	0.14 (0.09)
value	0.212	0.038	0.481	0.137
Lean mass (%)
Nonuser	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
User	0.73 (0.28)	0.76 (0.26)	−0.28 (0.14)	−0.21 (0.15)
value	0.009	0.004	0.055	0.141
Appendicular lean mass (%)
Nonuser	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
User	1.16 (0.29)	1.08 (0.28)	−0.14 (0.15)	−0.12 (0.16)
value	<0.001	<0.001	0.358	0.452

ACE-inhibitor, ACE-I; angiotensin receptor blocker, ARB; ^†Model 1 adjusted for scanner serial number. The change model is also adjusted for the baseline lean mass measure; ^‡Model 2 further adjusted for age, neighborhood socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, smoking, physical activity, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, height, diabetes, polypharmacy, depressive symptoms, arthritis, cancer, cardiovascular disease, hormone replacement therapy use, general health, physical function, dietary energy, dietary protein, and healthy eating index. The change model is also adjusted for physical activity at year 3 and clinical trial arm(s). Multiple imputation was used to fill in missing values for baseline covariates (see Methods for details and Table 1 footnote for missing data frequencies); however, participants missing medication use at year 3 were excluded from this analysis ().