The Efficacy of Functional and Traditional Exercise on the Body Composition and Determinants of Physical Fitness of Older Women: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Table 2
Efficacy of functional training (FT) and traditional training (TT) on the physical fitness related to daily activities and the quality of movement patterns of physically active elderly women.
Moments
TT ⟶ FT (n = 13)
FT ⟶ TT (n = 19)
SG (n = 16)
Sit and reach (cm)
Baseline
TT
2.80 ± 6.92
FT
1.76 ± 6.29
2.62 ± 9.83
Post_12_w
5.84 ± 7.04A
4.71 ± 7.12A
5.21 ± 11.42A
∆%—ES
108.57–0.44
167.61–0.47
98.85–0.26
Post_20_w
FT
6.25 ± 5.78
TT
3.73 ± 7.84
3.50 ± 8.87
Post_32_w
9.59 ± 5.21AC
6.36 ± 7.70AC
5.96 ± 9.42C
∆%—ES
53.44–0.58
70.51–0.34
70.29–0.28
Back scratch (cm)
Baseline
TT
−4.36 ± 6.68
FT
−4.60 ± 6.26
−1.04 ± 6.59
Post_12_w
−2.82 ± 6.29A
−3.48 ± 6.31A
0.08 ± 6.91A
∆%—ES
54.61–0.23
32.18–0.18
107.69–0.17
Post_20_w
FT
−3.68 ± 6.63
TT
−6.24 ± 6.82B
−0.73 ± 6.96
Post_32_w
−1.95 ± 6.63C
−4.30 ± 6.70C
1.06 ± 7.09C
∆%—ES
47.01–0.26
31.09–0.28
245.21–0.26
Time up go (sec)
Baseline
TT
5.11 ± 0.69
FT
5.04 ± 0.54
4.82 ± 0.53
Post_12_w
4.57 ± 0.48A+
4.32 ± 0.36A+
5.10 ± 0.61
∆%—ES
10.57–0.78
14.29–1.33
5.81 to −0.53
Post_20_w
FT
4.59 ± 0.54A
TT
4.65 ± 0.39B
4.71 ± 0.56B
Post_32_w
4.19 ± 0.63ABC+
4.21 ± 0.35AC+
4.76 ± 0.53B
∆%—ES
8.71–0.74
9.46–1.13
1.06 to −0.09
Sit-to-stand (rep)
Baseline
TT
16.38 ± 3.37
FT
15.68 ± 2.45
15.95 ± 3.19
Post_12_w
19.00 ± 4.22A
20.89 ± 3.19A+
16.50 ± 2.19
∆%—ES
16.00–0.78
33.23–2.13
3.45–0.17
Post_20_w
FT
18.23 ± 2.61
TT
18.26 ± 3.55AB
17.25 ± 2.64
Post_32_w
21.61 ± 3.54ABC+
21.00 ± 4.59AC+
16.50 ± 2.09
∆%—ES
18.41–0.95
15.01–0.77
−4.35 to −0.28
Elbow flexion (rep)
Baseline
TT
19.92 ± 4.28
FT
19.52 ± 3.68
18.90 ± 3.44
Post_12_w
22.73 ± 4.47A+
23.39 ± 3.57A+
18.68 ± 3.73
∆%—ES
14.11–0.66
19.83–1.05
−1.16 to −0.06
Post_20_w
FT
22.46 ± 2.96A
TT
22.13 ± 3.36A
22.71 ± 3.96AB
Post_32_w
27.07 ± 3.08ABC+
25.18 ± 3.46AC+
21.67 ± 3.52AB
∆%—ES
20.53–1.56
13.78–0.91
−4.58 to −0.26
Six-minute walk (m)
Baseline
TT
536.93 ± 59.21
FT
551.33 ± 51.30
549.59 ± 51.11
Post_12_w
563.11 ± 51.47
590.49 ± 40.27A+
548.46 ± 54.79
∆%—ES
4.88–0.44
7.10–0.76
−0.21 to −0.02
Post_20_w
FT
553.74 ± 53.17
TT
572.41 ± 44.87
566.73 ± 40.44
Post_32_w
587.34 ± 48.62AC+
593.47 ± 44.08AC+
541.44 ± 50.66C
∆%—ES
6.07–0.63
3.68–0.47
−4.46 to −0.63
Functional Movement Screen (points)
Baseline
TT
9.38 ± 2.29
FT
9.00 ± 2.64
8.75 ± 2.32
Post_12_w
10.15 ± 2.30
12.00 ± 2.02A+
9.93 ± 2.54
∆%—ES
8.21–0.34
33.33–1.14
13.49–0.51
Post_20_w
FT
10.23 ± 1.87
TT
9.36 ± 3.13B
9.75 ± 2.95
Post_32_w
11.53 ± 2.50A
10.78 ± 2.78AC
9.93 ± 3.02
∆%—ES
12.71–0.70
15.17–0.45
1.85–0.06
Values presented in mean and standard deviation (M ± SD). Post_12: 12 weeks of functional training, post_20: 8 weeks of no training, and post_32: 12 weeks of traditional training. A vs. baseline, B vs. post_12, C vs. post_20, + vs. SG, ≠ vs. TT, and # vs. FT. SG: stretching group. w: weeks. Δ%: percent change. ES: effect size: small: 0.2; median: 0.5; large: 0.8; very large: >1.3.