Urban-Rural Dimension of Falls and Associated Risk Factors among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in West Java, Indonesia

Table 1

Characteristics of study participants.

Variables	Urban (n = 230) n (percent)	Rural (n = 381) n (percent)	Total	value
Ages
60–69 years	156 (67.8%)	271 (71.1%)	427 (69.9)	0.001
70–79 years	68 (29.6%)	72 (18.9%)	140 (22.9%)
80 years and above	6 (2.6%)	38 (10%)	44 (7.2%)
Gender
Male	51 (22.2%)	113 (29.7%)	164 (26.80%)	0.756
Female	179 (77.8%)	268 (70.3%)	447 (73.20%)
Current occupation
Actively working	32 (13.9)	172 (45.1%)	204 (33.4%)	0.001
Not working	198 (86.1%)	209 (54.9)	407 (66.6)
Visual impairment
No	175 (76.1%)	157 (41.2%)	332 (54.3%)	0.001
Yes	55 (23.9%)	224 (58.8%)	279 (45.7%)
Hearing impairment
No	185 (30.3%)	302 (49, 4%)	487 (79.7%)	0.001
Yes	25 (4.1%)	99 (16.2%)	124 (20.3%)
Chronic medical condition
Hypertension	89(38.7%)	174 (45.7%)	263 (43%)	0.124
Stroke	8 (3.5%)	9 (2.4%)	17 (2.7%)	0.236
Heart diseases	16 (7.0%)	12 (3.1%)	28(4.5%)	0.028
Diabetes	30 (13%)	23 (6%)	53 (8.6%)	0.003
Rheumatoid/osteoarthritis	112 (48.7%)	250 (65.6%)	362 (59%)	0.001
Parkinson	3 (1.3%)	27 (7.1%)	30 (4.9%)	0.003
Having unsafe home environment
No	24 (10.4%)	12 (3.1%)	36 (5.90%)	0.001
Yes	206 (89.6%)	369 (96.9%)	575 (94.10%)
The need for ADL support
Independent	199 (86.5%)	317 (83.2%)	516 (85.30%)	0.05
Dependent	25 (10.9%)	64 (16.8%)	89 (14.70%)
Physical performance
Good	123 (53.5%)	122 (32%)	245 (40.10%)	0.001
Poor	107 (46.5%)	259 (68%)	366 (59.90%)
Fall in the last 12 months
No	192 (83.5%)	303 (79.5%)	495 (81%)	0.228
Yes	38 (16.5%)	78 (10.7%)	116 (19%)
Frequency of fall
1 fall	27 (71.1%)	51 (65.4%))	78 (67.2%)	0.528
2 or more falls	11(28.9%)	27 (34.6%	38 (32.8%)