Research Article
Urban-Rural Dimension of Falls and Associated Risk Factors among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in West Java, Indonesia
Table 2
Risk of falling among older adults in urban and rural areas.
| | Risk factor for fall | Urban | Rural | | Variables | Crude OR; 95% C. I. | Adjusted OR; 95% CI | Crude OR; 95% CI | Adjusted OR; 95% CI |
| | Gender | | Male | 1.525 (0.749–3.106) | 0.289 (0.095–0.882) | 1.349 (0.762–2.387) | 1.004 (0.545–1.849) | | Female (ref) | 1 | | 1 | 1 |
| | Ages | | 60–69 years | 0.821 (0.092–7.363) | 1.213 (0.116–12.645) | 0.858 (0.385–1.916) | 0.917 (0.385–2.184) | | 70–79 years | 1.415 (0.153–12.058) | 2.385 (0.223–25.450) | 0.644 (244–1,702) | 0.659 (0.241–1.806) | | 80 years old and above (ref) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| | Current occupation | | Actively working | 0.835 (0.318–2.193) | 0.416 (0.131–1.322) | 0.950 (0.577–1.566) | 0.873 (0.497–1.533) | | Not working (ref) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| | Visual impairment | | No (ref) | | | | | | Yes | 2.478(1.185–0.183) | 3.601(1.517–8.544) | 1.896(1.108–3.244) | 1.807(1.027–0.179) |
| | Hearing impairment | | No (ref) | | | | | | Yes | 1.959 (0.802–4.787) | 1.538 (0.554–4.271) | 1.392(0.799–2.425) | 1.214 (0.674–2.187) |
| | Chronic medical condition | | No chronic illness (ref) | 1 | | 1 | | | With chronic illness | 2.657 (1.112–6.347) | 3.247 (1.236–8.533) | 1.652 (0.845–3.231) | 1.516 (0.761–3.019) |
| | Physical performance | | Good | 1 | | 1 | | | Poor | 2.329 (0.524–10.352) | 0.545 (0.166–1.788) | 0.765(0.202–2.897) | 0.98 (0.485–1.98) |
| | The need of ADL support | | Independent (ref) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | Dependent | .766(0.268–2.191) | 1.022 (0.468–2.231) | 1.012 (0.519–1.972) | 0.792 (0.458–1.369) |
| | Living environment | | Safe | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | Unsafe | 704 (0.335–1.480) | .51 (0.219–1.192) | 3.636 (1.276–0.357) | 3.358 (1.137–9.921) |
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Note.; OR = odd ratio; CI = confidence interval. |
