Association between Sarcopenia and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1, Myostatin, and Insulin Resistance in Elderly Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Table 1
Characteristics of patients.
Variable
Total (n = 40)
Nonsarcopenia (n = 7)
Sarcopenia (n = 33)
value
Age (years)
64 (61–66)
61 (60–66)
64 (61–68)
0.173
Sex
Male
25(62.5%)
6 (85.7%)
19 (57.6%)
0.224
Female
15(37.5%)
1 (2.5%)
14 (42.4%)
Causes of kidney disease
Diabetes
22(55%)
3 (42.9%)
19 (57.6%)
0.420
Hypertension
15(37.5%)
4 (57.1%)
11 (33.3%)
Nephrolithiasis
3(7.5%)
0 (0%)
3 (7.5%)
Duration of HD (months)
48 (24–72)
60 (48–72)
36 (18–72)
0.260
Blood Pressure (systolic)
≤139 mmHg
18(45%)
3 (42.9%)
15 (45.5%)
0.567
140–159 mmHg
18(45%)
4 (57.1%)
14 (42.4%)
≥160 mmHg
4 (10%)
0 (0%)
4 (12.1%)
Laboratory parameters
Hemoglobin (mg/dl)
9.15 (8.32–10.82)
12.4 (11.1–12.5)
8.7 (8.25–9.5)
<0.001
BUN (mg/dl)
69.3 ± 22.64
72 ± 23.27
68.72 ± 22.83
0.776
Serum creatinine (mg/dl)
11.8 ± 3.74
13.52 ± 3.14
11.43 ± 3.79
0.160
Albumin (mg/dl)
3.34 ± 0.26
3.44 ± 0.17
3.32 ± 0.27
0.269
Calcium (mg/dl)
8.81 ± 0.69
9.08 ± 0.74
8.75 ± 0.67
0.402
Phosphate (mg/dl)
5.7 ± 1.87
6.8 ± 1.61
5.47 ± 1.86
0.064
Uric Acid (mg/dl)
7.05 ± 2.07
7.22 ± 1.97
7.01 ± 2.12
0.943
Sarcopenia parameters
Muscle mass (kg/m2)
4.67 ± 1.59
6.63 ± 1.25
4.26 ± 1.34
0.001
Muscle mass (men) (kg/m2)
5.34 ± 1.46
6.61 ± 1.37
4.94 ± 1.27
0.022
Muscle mass (women) (kg/m2)
3.57 ± 1.15
N/A
3.34 ± 0.77
0.105
Decreased muscle mass
35 (87.5%)
2 (28.6%)
33 (100%)
<0.001
HGS
16.45 (10.85–26.85)
27.1 (26.1–29.0)
14.5 (10.0–25.4)
0.005
HGS (men) (kg)
26.1 (16.45–27.3)
27.3 (26.7–29.2)
23.5 (14.8–26.9)
0.019
HGS (women) (kg)
10 (8.5–12.3)
N/A
10 (8.37–12.07)
0.165
Decreased HGS
35 (87.5%)
5 (71.4%)
30 (90.9%)
0.204
Gait speed (m/s)
0.81 (0.52–0.83)
0.81 (0.79–1.0)
0.81 (0.45–0.83)
0.148
Decreased gait speed
36 (90%)
5 (71.4%)
31 (93.9%)
0.134
Hormonal parameters
IGF-1 (ng/dl)
37.33 (25.56–50.63)
60.57 (51.31–109.97)
33.43 (23.48–46.01)
0.001
Myostatin (ng/dl)
23.74 (18.85–36.26)
18.87 (13.48–20.87)
32.09 (20.52–37.79)
0.010
HOMA-IR
2.29 (1.65–2.72)
0.87 (0.56–1.33)
2.38 (1.88–2.79)
<0.001
Data are shown as %, mean value ± standard deviation, and median (interquartile ranges (Q1-Q3)). HD, hemodialysis; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; HGS, handgrip strength; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, N/A, not applicable. Significant at < 0.05.
