Will Automated Vehicles Negatively Impact Traffic Flow?

Table 1

Traffic flow effects.

Aspect	Potential effect	Literature
Headway	Negative (highly dependent on time-headway settings, driver-use, and stability)	[3, 14, 15]
Lane-changing; (i)  Fewer; (ii) Different dynamics	Unclear; Small positive; Small negative possibility	[6, 43, 48–50]
Vehicle dynamic stochastics; (i)  Greater homogeneity; (ii) Shorter reaction time in emergency situations	Small positive; Small positive (restricted by low penetration); Unknown positive (no evidence)	[48, 50, 53–56]
Congestion and propagation	Negligible	[14, 42, 47, 55, 57]