Optimized Skip-Stop Metro Line Operation Using Smart Card Data

<div>The departure of two consecutive trains; (a) trains <svg height="9.49473pt" id="M178" style="vertical-align:-0.2063999pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 6.66314 9.49473" width="6.66314pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M480 416C480 431 465 448 438 448C388 448 312 383 252 330C217 299 188 273 155 237H153L257 680C262 700 263 712 253 712C240 712 183 684 97 674L92 648L126 647C166 646 172 645 163 606L23 -6L29 -12C51 -5 77 2 107 8C115 62 130 128 142 180C153 193 179 220 204 241C231 170 259 106 288 54C317 0 336 -12 358 -12C381 -12 423 2 477 80L460 100C434 74 408 54 398 54C385 54 374 65 351 107C326 154 282 241 263 299C296 332 351 377 403 377C424 377 436 372 445 368C449 366 456 368 462 375C472 386 480 402 480 416Z" id="g113-108"></path></g></svg> and <svg height="16.2017pt" id="M179" style="vertical-align:-3.943501pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -12.2582 10.5448 16.2017" width="10.5448pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M383 397C383 424 344 448 299 448C244 448 172 409 132 375C66 319 23 227 23 146C23 42 74 -12 146 -12C208 -12 298 30 359 103L343 124C315 95 248 48 192 48C145 48 111 85 111 163C111 228 129 294 151 330C171 363 201 401 241 401C275 401 302 384 325 356C332 347 339 344 348 348C373 360 383 381 383 397Z" id="g113-100"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,5.282,-5.741)"><path d="M485 418C485 434 469 451 441 451C389 451 312 387 255 335C221 304 194 278 159 242H157L259 678C264 698 264 710 255 710C242 710 183 681 96 673L90 643L128 642C165 641 171 640 162 602L24 -5L31 -12C51 -4 81 4 110 9L145 181C154 195 180 220 205 242C233 170 263 106 291 53C318 1 335 -12 360 -12C383 -12 425 0 483 82L463 105C437 79 411 57 400 57C388 57 378 68 355 110C329 156 288 244 268 298C299 333 355 376 405 376C426 376 440 373 448 368C453 365 465 368 468 373C477 386 485 405 485 418Z" id="g50-108"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,4.173,3.784)"><path d="M250 606C250 634 233 656 203 656C168 656 146 618 146 593C146 564 169 545 192 545C227 545 250 573 250 606ZM227 95L212 119C187 98 152 71 135 71C129 71 128 78 134 102L207 373C219 418 217 451 194 451C165 451 92 411 30 351L44 326C77 353 106 371 114 371C124 371 121 357 117 341L55 97C32 5 46 -12 70 -12C108 -12 191 51 227 95Z" id="g50-106"></path></g></svg> depart in the same time period; (b) trains <svg height="9.49473pt" id="M180" style="vertical-align:-0.2063999pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 6.66314 9.49473" width="6.66314pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M480 416C480 431 465 448 438 448C388 448 312 383 252 330C217 299 188 273 155 237H153L257 680C262 700 263 712 253 712C240 712 183 684 97 674L92 648L126 647C166 646 172 645 163 606L23 -6L29 -12C51 -5 77 2 107 8C115 62 130 128 142 180C153 193 179 220 204 241C231 170 259 106 288 54C317 0 336 -12 358 -12C381 -12 423 2 477 80L460 100C434 74 408 54 398 54C385 54 374 65 351 107C326 154 282 241 263 299C296 332 351 377 403 377C424 377 436 372 445 368C449 366 456 368 462 375C472 386 480 402 480 416Z" id="g113-108"></path></g></svg> and <svg height="16.2017pt" id="M181" style="vertical-align:-3.943501pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -12.2582 10.5448 16.2017" width="10.5448pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M383 397C383 424 344 448 299 448C244 448 172 409 132 375C66 319 23 227 23 146C23 42 74 -12 146 -12C208 -12 298 30 359 103L343 124C315 95 248 48 192 48C145 48 111 85 111 163C111 228 129 294 151 330C171 363 201 401 241 401C275 401 302 384 325 356C332 347 339 344 348 348C373 360 383 381 383 397Z" id="g113-100"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,5.282,-5.741)"><path d="M485 418C485 434 469 451 441 451C389 451 312 387 255 335C221 304 194 278 159 242H157L259 678C264 698 264 710 255 710C242 710 183 681 96 673L90 643L128 642C165 641 171 640 162 602L24 -5L31 -12C51 -4 81 4 110 9L145 181C154 195 180 220 205 242C233 170 263 106 291 53C318 1 335 -12 360 -12C383 -12 425 0 483 82L463 105C437 79 411 57 400 57C388 57 378 68 355 110C329 156 288 244 268 298C299 333 355 376 405 376C426 376 440 373 448 368C453 365 465 368 468 373C477 386 485 405 485 418Z" id="g50-108"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,4.173,3.784)"><path d="M250 606C250 634 233 656 203 656C168 656 146 618 146 593C146 564 169 545 192 545C227 545 250 573 250 606ZM227 95L212 119C187 98 152 71 135 71C129 71 128 78 134 102L207 373C219 418 217 451 194 451C165 451 92 411 30 351L44 326C77 353 106 371 114 371C124 371 121 357 117 341L55 97C32 5 46 -12 70 -12C108 -12 191 51 227 95Z" id="g50-106"></path></g></svg> depart in different time periods.</div>

Journal of Advanced Transportation

Optimized Skip-Stop Metro Line Operation Using Smart Card Data

Figure 2