Optimization Model and Algorithm of Empty Pallets Dispatching under the Time-Space Network of Express Shipment

<table class="fixed-width table-group" id="tab2"><tr><td><table class="table"><colgroup><col style="width:16.66em"/><col style="width:5.01em"/><col style="width:4.63em"/></colgroup><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left"><b>Transportation mode</b></td><td class="align_center"><b>Highway</b></td><td class="align_center"><b>Railway</b></td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Transport prices per kilometer (<b>$</b>/t)</td><td class="align_center">0.07</td><td class="align_center">0.01</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Carbon emissions per kilometer (kg/t)</td><td class="align_center">0.0796</td><td class="align_center">0.028</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="3"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Related parameters of two transport modes.</div>

Journal of Advanced Transportation

tab2

Table 2

Table 2: Optimization Model and Algorithm of Empty Pallets Dispatching under the Time-Space Network of Express Shipment 