Joint Analysis of the Commuting Departure Time and Travel Mode Choice: Role of the Built Environment

Table 3

Estimation outcomes of the developed model.

Variables	Car		Transit				Walk and bicycle
	Off-peak		Peak		Off-peak		Peak		Off-peak
	Parameter	t-statistic	Parameter	t-statistic	Parameter	t-statistic	Parameter	t-statistic	Parameter	t-statistic
Constant terms	-1.290	-0.18	3.890	6.10	3.570	4.94	4.680	1.75	3.500	7.23
Household characteristics
Size1	−0.230	−1.30	−0.435	−3.03	−0.508	−3.30	−0.192	−2.31	−0.150	−1.12
Size3	−0.061	−0.37	−0.102	−0.72	0.065	0.58	0.007	0.10	0.059	0.44
Cars	−0.527	−0.07	−4.050	−7.02	−4.190	−7.38	−3.810	−6.37	−3.930	−6.52
Bicycles	0.288	1.78	−0.627	−5.14	−0.668	−4.98	0.465	5.02	0.367	2.58
Individual characteristics
Gender	−0.272	−1.91	−1.270	−9.80	−1.440	0.01	−0.573	−5.75	−0.646	−5.13
Age1	0.412	1.75	0.942	5.32	1.210	0.01	0.381	2.73	0.418	2.15
Age3	0.678	2.26	0.705	2.38	0.722	1.91	0.378	2.51	0.419	1.58
Occupation	−2.500	−2.84	−0.262	−1.17	−3.470	−0.02	−0.120	−1.23	−1.600	−2.56
Built environment variables
Residential building density	−0.340	−4.53	0.036	0.66	−0.052	−0.95	−0.045	−1.52	−0.269	−3.60
Commercial density	0.001	0.01	−0.171	−1.63	−0.159	−1.29	0.083	1.46	0.034	0.37
Service facility density	0.305	1.90	0.274	2.03	0.394	3.05	0.079	1.07	0.246	1.93
Employment density	−0.156	−1.31	0.052	0.51	−0.100	−3.32	−0.104	−1.75	−0.137	−1.40
Bus stop density	−0.049	−0.59	0.032	0.47	0.007	0.09	0.025	0.72	0.027	0.44
Automobiles road density	0.003	0.04	−0.069	−1.20	−0.110	−1.87	−0.056	−1.83	−0.098	−1.70
Parking lot density	0.047	0.65	0.025	0.39	0.041	0.57	0.028	0.85	0.032	0.52

Note: Alternative 1 is the base alternative; Significant at the 99% level; Significant at the 95% level; Significant at the 90% level.