Studying the Safety Impact of Autonomous Vehicles Using Simulation-Based Surrogate Safety Measures

Table 1

Parameters for HV and AV behaviours.

Parameter	Description	HV	AV-1	AV-2
CC0 standstill distance (m)	The desired distance between stopped vehicles	1.5	0.5	0.75
CC1 headway time (s)	The gap in seconds that a vehicle keeps	0.9	0.5	0.45
CC2 following variation (m)	The distance in addition to the allowed safety distance that is permissible before the vehicle-drive unit moves closer to the proceeding vehicle	4	0	2
CC4 negative following threshold	Control speed differences during car following	−0.35	0	−0.1
CC5 positive following threshold	Control speed differences during car following	0.35	0	0.1
CC6 speed dependency of oscillation	Influence of distance on speed oscillation (the variation of speed around the desired speed)	11.44	0	0
CC7 (m/s^2)	Influence of vehicle acceleration during car-following oscillation	0.25	0.45	0.25
CC8 (m/s^2)	Desired acceleration when starting from standstill	3.5	3.9	3.5
Look-ahead distance	Number of observed vehicles the model will look ahead at	2	10	2

Note. HVs are VISSIM default parameters; AV-1 are adopted from Atkins [28]; AV-2 are adopted from PTV [29].