Capacity Impacts and Optimal Geometry of Automated Cars’ Surface Parking Facilities

Figure 5

Percentage gain in efficiency (sq. ft. per parking space), relative to human “small” dimensions, for rectangular facilities with area of 62,500 (light gray curves), 250,000 (medium gray), and 1,000,000 (black) sq. ft. -axis depicts ratio of facility length () relative to width (). Panel: (a) AV “front-in,” (b) AV “reverse-in,” (c) AV “toing/froing,” and (d) AV “translation” maneuvers.