A Two-Layer Network Dynamic Congestion Pricing Based on Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram

Table 3

Improvement with applying the toll scheme.

Index	No toll	Toll	Improvement
Total Travel Time (h)	6415.6	5080.8	1334.8
Total Collected Revenue ($)	-	13620.2	13620.2
Average Speed (km/h)	33.2	42.3	9.1
Average Travel Cost (h)	0.123	0.114	0.009